内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题二 动词
命题点6 主谓一致
河南英语KB
英语
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考点精讲
“主谓一致”即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
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►语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词 单数 Water is important to
everyone.
可数名词单数及第三人称单数 单数 The young man is from Paris.
可数名词复数、人称代词复数
及第二人称单数you 复数 The children were in the
classroom two hours ago.
one of+可数名词复数/复数代
词 单数 One of the books is boring.
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主语 谓语 例句
and或both…and…连接的名词 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my
friends.
either, neither,each, every或no
+单数名词 单数 Each person has a new book.
复合不定代词 单数 Everybody has a chance to
win.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with, together
with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including等 取决于主
语的数 The mother together with her
three sons was happy.
分数/百分数+of+名词 取决于名
词的数 60%of the students in our
class are girls.
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the
rest of+名词 A lot of people are in the
classroom.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语
或从句 单数 What he said is very
meaningful.
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of books are
given to the poor students.
the number of+可数名词复数 单数 The number of the apples is
12.
续表
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►意义一致原则
意义一致就是概念一致,即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
主语 谓语 例句
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格
等的词或短语 单数 Two meters is not as
high as you think.
the+姓氏复数/the+姓氏+family,表示
“……一家;……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths have
decided to go to
Kunming for holiday.
the+形容词,表示一类人 复数 The young are
energetic.
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注意
1.某些集体名词,如family, class, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词要用单数形式;如果强调其中的成员,要用复数形式。如:
His family is going to move to Beijing. 他家将搬到北京。
The whole family are looking forward to the holiday. 全家人都在期待假期。
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2.由(both…)and连接的两个名词指不同的人时,谓语动词用复数形式(语法一致);由and连接的两个名词指同一个人时,谓语动词用单数形式(意义一致)。如:
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 这个男孩和这个女孩听到这个消息时都很惊讶。
The writer and actor has come. 这位作家兼演员已经来了。
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►就近一致原则
就近一致原则指当句子有两个及两个以上主语时,谓语动词的形式与距其最近的主语保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
由either…or…,neither…nor…,not
only…but(also)…, not…but… 或
or连接的两个并列主语 谓语动词和距离
较近的主语在数
上保持一致 Either Jimmy or
I am going to
give a speech.
There be…和Here be…句式中 be动词常与距其
最近的主语在数
上保持一致 Here is a book