2024届高考英语一模语法填空-定语从句讲义

Lesson 1 语法填空考点1：定语从句 知识点讲解 ★ 定语从句的定义 e.g. “一个可爱的孩子” a cute baby，这个短语中用 cute 单个单词来修饰、限定 baby。 e.g. “一个正在看着你并渴望被你拥抱的孩子”无法用单个单词来修饰、限定 baby，所以我们把 baby 提前，将修饰成分后置，用定语从句来写： a baby who is watching you and wants to be hugged by you 这里的 baby 叫做“先行词”，who 是连接修饰成分的，叫做“关系词”。由此，定语从句的定义：修饰、限定先行词的从句。 ★ 关系代词 1. 关系代词在从句中作主语，不可省略。 e.g. The woman who/ that lives next door is my aunt. 这里 who 在从句中作主语，不可省略。 who lives next door 修饰、限定 the woman。合并下列句子： The young man is his brother. The young man invented the tool. →The young man who/ that invented this tool is his brother. The factory is very large. The factory produces cars. →The factory which/ that produces cars is very large. 2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 e.g. The woman who I referred to was on holiday. = The woman (who/ whom/ that) I referred to was on holiday. 合并下列句子： This is the boy. I helped the boy. →This is the boy (that/ who/ whom) I helped. This is the book. You want the book. →This is the book (which/ that) you want. I still remember the holiday. I spent the holiday with him. - I still remember the holiday (which/ that) I spent with him. I still remember the day. I spent the day with you. - I still remember the day (which/ that) I spent with you. 3. 特殊情况： This is the girl who/ that (I believe) was the driver of the car. I believe 作插入语，此句中的 who/that 是从句中作主语的关系词，不能省略。 4. 只能用 that 的情况，先行词是：（that 在从句中作宾语，同样可以省略） (1). 不定代词：all, (the) one(s), no-, some-, any-, every-…（先行词为 anyone, someone 等， 优先用 who/ whom） (2). 极端词：the very, the only, few, little, no... (3). 序数词或最高级 (4). 既指人又指物 (5). 从句中作表语：My hometown is no longer the village that it used to be. (6). 问句中为了避免重复: Who is the man that is talking to John? e.g. This is the best film that has been shown this year. I like the second football match that was held last week. The hero has saved the horse and its rider that fell into the river. Thank you for giving me the very book (that) I’m looking for. I have heard all the books (that) you gave me. That’s all (that) I want to say. ★ 介词+关系词 特征：此关系词一