Unit 5 Languages Around the World 一轮复习练案2-2024届高三英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

主备人	赵玲玲
校对人	宋泽芳

高三年级 

英语练案

使用日期：2023年9月26日

编号：必修一Unit5 练案2

阅读：

A

Growing up, I was often the first Jewish person my classmates had ever met. I lived in Mississauga, Ontario, and was the only Jewish student in my grade—sometimes the only one in the whole school. This difference set me apart.

Every September, I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know. The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. I fretted that my teachers would label me the “Jewish kid”.

The real trouble always came as the local new year’s festival approached. I was Jewish and celebrated Hanukkah, not this festival. At school, on one day before the winter break, every class would sit in neat rows in the gym and sing songs from the festival. However, the music teacher sometimes played Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel, a Jewish festival song, and I would feel hundreds of eyes staring at my red cheeks. As my friends counted down the days until the festival, I counted the days until it was over and I could go back to feeling normal.

Each year during primary school, my mother would coordinate (协调) with my teacher to come to my class and tell the story of Hanukkah. She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age. Every time I would proudly stand beside her as she told the story of Hanukkah and explained the symbols. The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions. After my mom left, I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.

My mom’s annual visits to my school sparked (激发) interest from other parents as well. Over the years, we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.

My mom showed me my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be celebrated and shared, an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.

4. What does the underlined word “fretted” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Noticed. B. Disagreed. C. Worried. D. Expected.

5. What really annoyed the author during the local festival?

A. Being a trick target. B. Singing holiday songs.

C. Being culturally different. D. Celebrating others’ festival.

6. How did the author’s classmates react to Mom’s coming?

A. They welcomed it warmly. B. They gave away her treats.

C. They showed off themselves. D. They expressed sympathy for her.

7. Which of the following best states what Mom did at school?

A. She protected her child from being hurt.

B. She encouraged cross-cultural understanding.

C. She made Hanukkah a school-celebrated festival.

D. She saved the Jewish tradition from being changed.

B

Today China is the world’s biggest consumer of wheat. But it wasn’t always that way.

Wheat only came to the area now known as northern China toward the end of the Neolithic period, some 4,600 years ago. Initially, wheat didn’t seem to be so delicious and had been treated as a crop of desperation rather than a cooking delight. The first farmers of northern China primarily grew millet, starting as early as 11,500 years ago. By the time of the Tang dynasty, wheat had replaced millet, becoming a major crop. But relatively little was known about exactly why this shift occurred.

In an attempt to track the answer, I accumulated a collection of nearly 1,200 data points covering more than 50 sites from the mid-Neolithic, about 9,000 years ago, to the collapse of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220 AD. The sites were across 8 modern provinces, ranging from Gansu province in the northwest to Shandong province in the east.

One possible explanation is a major climate shift, called the Holocene Event 3, which happened 4,000 to 4,500 years ago. At that time, the climate became colder and drier across continents, causing damage to crop production.

On top of this, the late Neolithic period was also a time of rapid population growth around the world. With an ever-increasing population and unsteady crop production, it is reasonable to assume that Neolithic farmers in northern China were struggling.

Wheat, it turns out, actually needs more water than millet, making it seem a poor choice for a dry period of history. But importantly, it can be sowed after millet has been harvested. That, we think, is the most likely reason why the people across northern China started to grow wheat.

From more extreme weather to changing coastlines, climate change has always brought unexpected and sometimes dramatic changes to societies. In this instance, the consequence of the Holocene Event 3 in northern China proved, eventually, delicious.

8. What can we learn about wheat from the second paragraph?

A. It replaced millet for its great taste. B. It was a poor choice at the beginning.

C. It outnumbered millet 4,600 years ago. D. It was the earliest crop grown in China.

9. What do the figures in paragraph 3 show?

A. The author found the exact answer. B. The author did worldwide research.

C. The author took the research seriously. D. The author was good at collecting data.

10. What was probably the main reason for northerners in China to grow wheat?

A. The water supply was enough then. B. The harvest of millet was not satisfying.

C. It adjusted to the weather conditions better. D. It had an alternative sowing season with millet.

11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. How was millet introduced to China?

B. Why did Chinese farmers switch to wheat?

C. Why did China become the biggest wheat consumer?

D. How was China’s wheat growth affected by climate change?

C

The robots are alive, and now they can reproduce.

That’s not a continuation to “The Terminator” It's the latest result of research among scientists at Harvard and the University of Vermont. These xenobots, named for the African frog Xenopus laevis, could move around and display collective behavior.

The researchers took stem cells (干细胞) from the skin of frog and put them in salt water, where they came together into balls with a covering of cilia, which are similar to small hairs and enable the organisms (生物体) to move. The scientists noticed that these organisms, xenobots, would collect any particles (粒子) placed in the dish to make piles. They started to wonder whether the tiny robots would do the same thing with individual stem cells, so they conducted a test.

Knowing that xenobots5 shapes affect their behavior, the researchers tried to figure out which form would help the organism to reproduce repeatedly. They discovered that a “C” shape seemed to be the best. The C-shaped xenobots gathered individual stem cells into groups, which became xenobots of their own. This type of reproduction is based on the organisms’ movement, rather than growing and then forming a new being as other animals and plants do.

Xenobots are on an unusual line between living organisms and robots. They are organisms because they are made of stem cells and can reproduce. But they are also robots because they can move on their own and perform physical labor. Although most robots are made of metal, robots are given the definition not by their material, but by what they can do.

Before now, Kriegman, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University, said, “no one has been using living materials as self-moving, self-powered robots.” The researchers hope that the xenobots can help them better understand the process of reproduction —a fundamental quality of life —and how to control it. Faced with a world full of self-reproducing problems, such as Covid-19, Kriegman said studying xenobots could lead scientists closer to solutions.

12 What inspired the researchers to perform an experiment?

A. The position of particles. B. The gathering of stem cells.

C. The movement of organisms. D. The collective ability of xenobots.

13. What is special about the C-shaped xenobots reproduction?

A. It's repeated constantly. B. It generates new beings.

C. It separates individual stem cells. D. It's based on xenobots’ motion.

14. How are xenobots defined as robots?

A. By their function. B. By their reproduction.

C. By their unique component. D. By their physical appearance.

15. What can be inferred about the research from the last paragraph?

A. It could make a breakthrough. B. It would bring scientists closer.

C. It could find the secret of reproduction. D. It would discover the solution to Covid-19.

第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Oscar Wilde once said, “Man is least himself when he talks in his own person. Give him a mask, and he will tell you the truth.” Art provides a way to communicate experiences when people lack verbal skills. _____16_____Art therapy is founded on the assumption that everyone is creative and capable of self-expression.

___17___ As a restorative practice, it allows people to express themselves in non-verbal ways, such as drawing and painting. Even a 45-minute creative activity can change a person's mental state. Working with an art therapist does even more: _____18_____

Young children typically draw and sing and dance without worrying about their abilities. Adults, however, often have complex feelings about art and art making. They begin to evaluate the quality of their art instead of focusing on self-expression itself. ____19____ However, art therapists can guide people in expressing themselves without concerning whether their artwork is technically brilliant, so that they can connect or reconnect with the artworks that help them deal with life challenges.

What are art therapists’ superpower? They can channel dangerous thoughts into imaginative artworks. For instance, people with violent tendencies might let out their anger by hitting another human being. ____20____ These artistic choices satisfy the brain's desire for novelty without compromising personal safety.

A. Art therapy is a double-edged sword.

B. Thus, the many benefits of creative self-expression are lost.

C. They develop art as an expressive skill for solving problems.

D. But, obviously, releasing their anger in this way isn't a good choice.

E. Art therapy, in its own ways, can influence a range of human functioning.

F. It can significantly enhance positive moods and boost measures of well-being.

G. However, with art therapists’ help, their energy could be changed into creative products.

第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Most young people are always on their phones, which may upset many people. _____21_____, a group called Girl Scouts are receiving ____22____ for setting up their first walk-in clinic for elderly people, who have difficulty understanding how to _____23_____ the secrets of their smart phones.

Each teen spent at least an hour of one-on-one time with their oldsters. Based on their ____24____ knowledge, each Girl Scout was assigned to _____25_____ different aspects of Android and Apple phones.

Some of the oldsters actually wanted to take part in e-commerce (电子商务), and needed help to ____26____ a payment account on their smart phones while others simply had ____27____ when learning how to send messages to their family members. "I was teaching this older woman how to ____28____, and the first thing she did was to send a message to her daughter,” one of the Scouts said. “How _____29_____ it was! It just made me feel really, really happy.”

In addition to arranging group lessons for all of the seniors to ______30______ together at the end of the clinic, the youngsters even printed out brochures and guides for the seniors to take home in case ______31______ seniors would encounter problems with their smart phones in the future.

The eighth graders earned their “Silver Award,, for their job. After experiencing the ______32______ of their project, the girls hope to organize more ______33______ in the near future. “Those girls were just great,”

said Nancy, a great-grandmother who once ______34______ the clinic. “They were ready for us and had a very mature attitude about answering our questions, and they _______35_______ the praise.

21. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. However D. Besides

22. A. service B. praise C. invitation D. donation

23. A. keep B. untie C. share D. unlock

24. A. technological B. medical C. psychological D. physical

25. A. record B. teach C. recall D. investigate

26. A. get back B. set up C. check out D. pay off

27. A. patience B. luck C. fun D. trouble

28. A. write B. phone C. text D. read

29. A. sweet B. simple C. rare D. common

30. A. play B. live C. talk D. review

31. A. amazed B. experienced C. confused D. respected

32. A. success B. arrangement C. change D. pressure

33 A. performances B. clinics C. clubs D. competitions

34. A. organized B. managed C. visited D. funded

35. A. needed B. refused C. enjoyed D. deserved

第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France   ____36____ (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage — mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces. The birds take the _____37_____ (collect) trash to special bins where they can receive bird food in exchange _____38_____ putting away the litter.

Park president Nicolas said, “The purpose of employing the crows is to educate people to take up their social ______39______ (responsible). Since the birds are able to do _____40_____ we are much more able to do than them, we should do this by ourselves?

Crows have long been observed for their various amazing _____41_____ (display) of intelligence. They are one of the _____42_____ (smart) groups of animals on earth, with remarkable problem solving, tool making, and deductive (演绎) reasoning skills.

In addition to inspiring humans to pick up trash, the clever crows currently ____43____ (work) at the park are pretty excited to put their intelligence to work.

“It has become ____44____ exciting game for them” Nicolas says. “They pick up the trash on the ground, and every day they _____45_____ (reward) for what they have done.”