内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题一 动词
命题点7 主谓一致与There be句型(7年4考)
福建英语RJ
英语
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考点精讲
主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致, 包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
福建近7年主谓一致在短文填空中考查不可数名词和可数名词单数作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数(7年2考);There be句型共考查2次: 在选择填空(2019.21)中考查be动词的数;在看图写话(2017.78)中考查There be句型的完整表达。针对此类试题, 考生要熟练掌握主谓一致及There be句型的用法。
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考向 1 主谓一致(7年2考)
1.语法一致原则(7年2考)
语法一致表示谓语动词与主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词(2020.88) 单数 Water is important to everyone.
可数名词单数及第三人称单数(2023.82) The young man is from Paris.
one of+可数名词复数/复数代词 One of the books is boring.
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主语 谓语 例句
either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词 单数 Each person has a new book.
复合不定代词 Everybody has a chance to win.
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 What he said is very meaningful.
the number of+可数名词复数 The number of the apples is 12.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of books are given to the poor students.
复数名词、人称代词复数及第二人称you The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
and或both… and… 连接的名词 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather, than, including等 取决于主语的数 The mother together with her three sons was happy.
分数/百分数+of+名词 取决于名词的数 60% of the students in our class are girls.
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of+名词 A lot of people are in the
classroom.
续表
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2.意义一致原则
意义一致就是概念一致, 即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
主语 谓语 例句
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格等的词或短语 单数 Two meters is not as high as you
think.
the+姓氏名词复数,表示“……一家人;……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths have decided to go to Kunming for holiday.
the+形容词,表示一类人 复数 The young are energetic.
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1.某些集体名词, 如family, class, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体 看待,
谓语动词要用单数形式;如果侧重其中的成员,要用复数形式。 如:
Every family in this village owns a television.
The whole family are looking forward to the holiday.
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2.由(both…)and连接的两个名词指不同的人时,谓语动词用复数形式
(语法一致);由and 连接的两个名词指同一个人时,谓语动词用单数
形式(意义一致)。如:
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
The writer and actor has come.
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3.就近原则
就近原则指谓语动词的形式不与主语一致, 而和靠近它的名词或代词一致。
(1)由either… or…, neither… nor…, n