2024年广东省深圳市中考总复习10：动词的被动语态和巩固练习

2024中考总复习10:动词的被动语态和巩固练习 【语法要点】 英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语的形式为主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语的形式为被动语态。 1. 被动语态的基本结构 被动语态由“be + 动词过去分词”构成,系动词be随着人称、时态和数的变化而变化。 如: English is spoken by many people in the world. A factory was built in this village last year. 2. 被动语态的几种不同时态 被动语态中人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的,被动语态常见时态的结构形式如下表所示: 时态 被动语态构成 例句 一般现在时 is/am/are + done The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The dumplings were made yesterday. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + done A new hospital will be built next year. 现在进行时 is/am/are + being + done The room is being cleaned now. 现在完成时 have/has + been + done My key hasn’t been found. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done The car was being repaired then. 过去完成时 had + been + done The two roads had been built by the end of last month. 过去将来时 would + be + done Mike said a new film would be shown. 情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The work must be finished on time. 3. 被动语态的用法 被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,主要用于以下几种情况: 1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁, 如: The window was broken last night. 2) 强调或突出动作的承受者而非执行者, 如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 3) 说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态,常用句型: It is said that ... It is reported that ... It is hoped that ... It is believed that ... 4. 主动语态转化为被动语态的方法 1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,如果宾语是人称代词,则应把宾格改为主格; 2) 把谓语动词变为被动结构(be + 过去分词),注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化,但是动词的 时态保持不变; 3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语,如果主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾格(by短语可 以省略); 主动语态:动作执行者 + 谓语动词主动形式 + 动作承受者 被动语态:动作承受者 + 谓语动词被动形式 + by 动作执行者 4) make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, let等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略t0的动 词不定 式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原to, 如: I often see the old man run in the morning. The old man is often seen to run in the morning. 5) 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应视为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词, 如:The little dog must be looked after well. 5. 主动语态表达被动意义的几种情况 1) 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词包括:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等, 如: The books sell well. 2) 系动词没有被动语态, 如: The apple tastes nice. 3) 不定式在某些形容词之后,如easy, difficult, hard, impossible 之后,且与主语有动宾关系, 如: The question is difficult to answer. 4) “have/