15.构词法-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固

2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固 15.构词法 【构词规律】 　一、常见的构词法 构词法 主要方式 例词 转化法 (把一种词性用作另一种词性,而词形不变) 名词→动词 rain雨→下雨 形容词→动词 clean干净的→打扫 形容词→名词 Chinese中国的→中国人 动词→名词 cook烹饪→厨师 合成法 (把两个独立的单词合在一起构成新词) 名词+名词 book+shelf→bookshelf 副词+名词 up+stairs→upstairs 副词+动词 over+come→overcome 名词+形容词 home+sick→homesick 派生法 (在词前或词后加前缀或后缀构成新词) 前缀+词根 un-+important→ unimportant 词根+后缀 visit+-or→visitor 　　二、前缀 前缀 意思 例词 前缀 意思 例词 re- 再,重复 retell en- 使可能 enable anti- 反对,防止 anti-war tele- 远程 telephone super- 超级的 superman in- 不,非 inexpensive im- 不 impolite il- 不,非 illegal ir- 不,无 irregular un- 不 unhappy non- 不,非 non-smoker dis- 不,无 dishonest mis- 错误的 mistake — — — 　　三、后缀 词类 后缀 例词 名词 -er,-or/-n,-an,-ian/-ese/-ing/-ist/ -ment/-ness/-ship/-th/-ion,-tion, -ation/-ty inventor,musician,Chinese,shopping,artist,development,happiness,friendship,truth,education,safety 形容词 -able/-al/-ed/-en/-ern/-ing/-ive /-ful/-less/-ly/-ous/-y enjoyable,natural,surprised,wooden,southern,surprising,active,useful,careless,friendly,famous,sunny 数词 -teen/-ty/-th fifteen,forty,ninth 副词 -ly truly,happily 【策略演练】 阅读短文,根据上下文,用所给词的适当形式填空 A Everyone has problems sometimes. Maybe you are in a 1._____________________(hurry). Maybe you are 2._____________________(tiring) or very busy. Maybe you’re just feeling bad. When you are in those 3._____________________(difficulty) times, you might be impolite to other people. But remember that no one likes an impolite person. People won’t help you if you’re 4._____________________(polite). Some people won’t talk to you. Being polite is easy. You just have to say“please” and “thank you”. When you do something wrong, say “sorry”. When you’re polite, people will be polite to you. People will think you’re from a good family. They’ll also think you are 5._____________________(educate). Polite people make more friends. Also, teachers like polite students. Don’t only be polite to 6.________________