专题 06介词-2024初中英语中考语法复习

介词 知识概述 介词是一种虚词,在句子中不单独作任何句子成分.它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词.它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配,构成固定短语,表示不同意思.介词还可以与名词构成介词短语,表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等.这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等. 考点归纳 1.介词的功能.如: The girl will be back(在······后) in two hours. Our English teacher is(来自) from Australia. 2.常用介词的用法辨析 1)at, in on (1)表示时间点用at.如: at six o'clock, at noon, at midnight. (2)表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in.如: in the twenty-first century, in 2022, in winter, in the morning. (3)表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on.如: on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning, on a hot afternoon. (4)at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”.如: He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at the bus station. There is a big hole in the wall. A map of China is on the wall. 2)since, after, for, in 由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since+点时间表示时间段,因而往往要与现在完成时连用.而after词组所表示的时段表过去,因而要与一般过去时连用,相当于段时间＋later,但after+点时间可表将来.而for后则只接段时间.in+段时间表示“在······后”,表示将来,常用于将来时态.对in+段时间提问用 how soon. 如: I haven't heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back. I have been here for 5 years. I will go shopping after 5 o'clock. He will be back in two months. 3)over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在····上面”,但具体含义不同.over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under. above 也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below. on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面.如: There is a bridge over the river. We found something(在······上) above the sea level. They put some flowers(在······上) on the teacher's desk. A ball is(在······下) under the table. 4)across, through across和through 均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同.across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行.through的含义与in有关,表示从内空进行.如: We walk(过) across the street. The boy swam across the river. There is a river through the village. I can see it clearly through my glasses. We can see the beautiful moonlight through the window. 5)in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物外的煎面”;in the front of 表示“在······的内前部”.如: There are some tall trees(在······前)in front of the building. The teacher is sitting(在······前)in the front of the classroom. 6)by, with, in by表示“以······的方式,方法,手段”和“乘某种交通工具”;