2024届高中英语一轮复习非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词 ( 教学目标 ) 1.知道非谓语和谓语之间的区别 2.掌握ing、done、to do的不同用法 3. .了解非谓语在句子都能做什么成分 ( 学习内容 ) 非谓语动词的形式及意义 [解读要点]（状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语、表语） Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。 非谓语动词作状语 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save (save) their valuable time. 2．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， to allow (allow) more patients to be treated. [再解读要点] 1．不定式作状语（to do） 作目的状语，可用in order to替换，意为“为了；想要”。 To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand. 为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。 2．分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 现在分词（doing）作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 过去分词（done）作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. 这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 [注意]　部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。 （这类短语往往是be+v-ed+介词，如be interested in， be faced with等，用过去分词作状语，省略be即可） 常见的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。 Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 Interested in music from an early age，she became one of the youngest musicians. 因为从小对音乐感兴趣，她成为了最年轻的音乐家之一。 非谓语动词作定语（修饰名词） [先试做题组] 单句语法填空 1．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend)with his students. 2．The name “cheongsam旗袍” meaning (mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province. 3．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch (catch)． [再解读要点] 不定式作定语（名词后，看与前名词的关系即可） (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修