1.5 动词的语态-【一战成名新中考】2024广西中考英语·精讲册（译林版）

精讲册·广西英语(YLNJ) 第 二 部 分 语 法 专 题 精 讲 练 命题点 5　 动词的语态 (单项选择: 2020. 40;选词填空: 2023. 78) 考点精讲 　 　 动词的语态表示主语和宾语之间的关系。 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 主动 语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态中主 语是谓语动作的承受者。 1. 被动语态的结构 主语(动作的承受者) + 助动词 be + 及物动 词的过去分词。 常见的被动语态结构如下: 时　 态 被动语态 结构 例　 句 一般 现在时 am / is / are done We clean the classroom every day. (主动) →The classroom is cleaned by us every day. (被动) 一般 过去时 was / were done Qian Zhongshu wrote the book. (主动) →The book was written by Qian Zhongshu. (被动) 一般 将来时 will / shall / be going to be done They will plant trees tomorrow. (主动) →Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. (被动) 含情态 动词 情态动词 + be done We shouldn􀆳t throw waste paper here. (主动) →Waste paper shouldn􀆳t be thrown here by us. (被动) 现在 完成时 have / has + been done Tom has washed those clothes. (主动) → Those clothes have been washed by Tom. (被动) 2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。 3. 使用被动语态的情况 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如: Rice is grown in the south of China. 水稻被种 植在中国南方。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。 如: Smoking isn􀆳t allowed in the gas station. 加油 站里不允许吸烟。 (3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。 如: Your work must be finished today. 你(们)的 工作今天必须完成。 (4)句子的主语是物。 如: Many houses were washed away by the floods. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 (5)出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者。 如: My glass was broken this morning. 我的玻璃 杯今天早上被摔碎了。 (6)有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态。 如: Lisa was born in Germany. 丽萨出生在德国。 4. 主动结构表被动意义的情况 (1 ) 动词 open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive 等作不及物动 词,且它们的主语为物时,可用主动结构表 被动意义。 如: This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢 笔写起来很流畅。 (2)某些系动词(如 look, sound, taste, smell)等 描述某物特性时。 如: Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很 美味。 (3)sth. be worth doing 结构中,doing 表示被动意 义。 如: This book is worth reading. 这 本 书 值 得 一读。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 401 精讲册·广西英语(YLNJ) 第 二 部 分 语 法 专 题 精 讲 练 (4) “ need / require + doing”相当于“ need / require + to be done”, to be d