内容正文:
2023人教版(2019)英语必修二Unit 4 History and Traditions 语法总结过去分词(短语)作定语
●过去分词的定义:非谓语动词的一种,也叫-ed分词;
●过去分词的功能:{谓语功能}&{语法功能},表示“被动”和“已完成”意义;
1. 谓语功能:构成谓语,用于“现在/过去完成时,被动语态”
(1)“已完成”:We have learned lots of useful knowledge at school.
(2)“被动”:The house has been built since 1998.
2. 语法功能
(1)过去分词(短语)作定语时的位置
① 单个过去分词作定语,位于被修饰词的前面;但修饰something/everything/anything/nothing/somebody/anybody/those等时,要放这些词后面;
【例句】The broken vases have been thrown into the bin.
There’s almost nothing changed here since I left the city decades ago.
② 过去分词短语作定语时,位于被修饰语后面;
【例句】I’d like you to look at the report written in English .
【辨析】过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作定语的区别
1. 及物动词的过去分词(短语)作定语,语态上表被动,时间上表示动作已发生/完成,有时也不表示时间性; 不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作定语,不表示被动,只强调动作已完成;
【例句】We will contact the chosen candidates a few days later. (被动/完成)
With fallen leaves buried under the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. (完成)
2. 现在分词(短语)作定语表示主动/正在进行;
【例句】We can see the rising sun.
There was a girl sitting there.
{注意}有的过去分词/现在分词已被形容词化,此时,过去分词转化成的形容词作定语时,表示被修饰词语所处的状态,表示“感到……的”;现在分词转化成的形容词作定语时,表示被修饰词具有的特征,表示“令人……的”;
√a frightening animal 令人害怕的动物
√a frightened animal 受了惊吓的动物
(2)过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
① 宾语是其动作的对象:两者有逻辑的动宾关系。表示被动/完成意义,有时两者兼有;
【例句】I found my car stolen.
② 能用过去分词(短语)作宾补的动词
★1表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词/短语:see/hear/find/notice/observe等;感官动词后+过去分词短语作宾补,表示被动/完成/状态;
【例句】My mum was glad to see the cat taken good care of at home.
【注意】若这些感官动词后作宾补的动词与宾语是主动关系,且强调动作全过程,用省略to的不定式;若是主动关系且正在进行,则用现在分词形式。
【例句】We heard him sing a Chinese song two minutes ago.
We heard him singing a Chinese song when we went into the house.
★2表示“使/令/让”等意义的使役动词:have/make/get/keep等;
※① have sth. done:(主语)请/派别人完成某事;(主语)遭受某种不幸情况;
【例句】I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.
※②make:make oneself heard/understood/known 让人听到/理解/知道自己
【例句】She can’t make herself understood in English.
※③ get sth. done=have sth. done (主语)让别人完成某事
【例句】I must get my computer repaired.
※④ keep: keep sb. /sth. done “使某人/某事一直处于某种状态”
【例句】Jack put up a poster of his favorit