内容正文:
现在完成时
知识梳理
1、 定义
现在完成时主要表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或从过去一直持续到现在的动作,包含“已完成”与“未完成”两种意义。
2、 结构
现在完成时结构:have/ has + v.过去分词(have/ has在此结构中是助动词)
句型结构
肯定句
主语+have/ has+v.过去分词+其他
I have seen this film.
She has eaten her lunch.
否定句
主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t +v.过去分词+其他
一般疑问句
Have/ Has+主语 +v. 过去分词+其他?
Yes,主语+have/ has. No,主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+have/ has+主语 +v. 过去分词+其他?
3、 用法
1. 过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响;
Eg. I have spent all of my money so far. 到目前为止我花光了我所有的钱。
I have seen this film. 我已经看过这步电影了。
2. 动作从过去开始发生一直持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。常与for+时间段、since+过去时间点连用,且动词要用延续性动词。
I have had this watch for five years. 我买这块手表5年了。
My father has worked in this factory for ten years. 我爸爸在这个工厂里工作了十年了。
4、 时间状语
1. already(已经)、yet(已经;尚未)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、many time
2. recently(最近)、so far= till now= up to now(到目前为止)
3. in/ over/ during the last/past...years
4. for+时间段用how long提问
5. since+过去时间点/一般过去时句子
辨析:already 与yet
already 做副词,意为“已经”,通常用在肯定句中,与现在完成时连用。放在have/has后,过去分词前面。
yet 做副词,意为“已经”,与现在完成时连用,用于疑问句或者否定句中,通常位于句末,也可以与not连用,构成not yet,用于简略回答,意为“还没有”
注意:在现在完成时中,含有already 的陈述句变为否定句/疑问句时,讲already变为yet.
考点讲练
1、 现在完成时判断及标志词
(1) 标志词 (2)语境
1.(2022 市北期末)—Would you like something to drink?
—No, thanks. I ______________ some tea already.
A. have drunk B. was drinking C. will drink D. drank
2. (2022 李沧期末) -I plan to go to Tibet with my parents in the summer holiday. What about you ?
-I __________ yet.
A. won't decide B. didn't decide C. haven't decided D. don't decide
3. (2021市北期末)Qing Dao ________ a lot in the last few years. I hope it will be even ________ in the future.
A. changed, well B. has changed, better C. has changed, well D. changed, good
4. (2022 城阳期末)__________of the students.__________the amusement park several times.
A.Three quarters;has been to B.Three fourths;has gone to
C.Three quarters;have been to D.Three fourths;have gone to
5.(2021即墨期末) Up to now, he ________ a lot.
A. change B. changed C. was changing D. has changed
6.(2023 市南期末)T