内容正文:
To do 不定式主表被用法
一. 动宾结构中的to do
1. 主谓宾(宾语有不定式做后置定语)
如果句子主干是动宾结构, 而不定式做宾语的后置定语,此时不定式与宾语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系,那么用主动不用被动。
eg:I have a meeting to attend. ( I attend a meeting)
eg:I have some food to eat. ( I eat some food)
eg:We have many difficulties to overcome. (We overcome many difficulties.)
总结:此时,整个句子的主语可以新句子的主语,不定式可以处理成谓语,而原来的宾语还是宾语。这样的句子结构,一定不用to be done.
2. 主谓双宾(宾语有不定式做后置定语)
如果句子有双宾,不定式修饰直宾,不定式与直宾之间仍然构成逻辑上的主谓关系,那么用主动不用被动。
eg:He gave me some books to read. (I read some books)
eg:I will show you the right path to take. (You take the path.)
总结:这类句子不太多,没有太多好例句。
注意(只能用被动):以上两种动宾结构用主动,最根本的原因是不定式与宾语也构成动宾关系。但如果不能构成动宾关系,那就用被动。
eg:My boss asks the project to be finished in two weeks. 这里的project不是主语My boss去做,根据逻辑关系,是让我去做。因此这个句子不能改成My boss finishes the project.因此不能用不定式的主动语态,只能用被动语态。
3. 主谓宾 + 形容词宾补 + 不定式
这种结构中宾语与不定式之间,有一个宾补。而宾语基本都是形容词。这种结构跟下文的系表结构其实道理是一样的。
eg:I found him easy to get along with. (get along with him)
eg:They don't think the game interesting to play. (play the game)
eg:I find the lecture difficult to understand. (understand the lecture)
注意(主被动都行):有一种情况,主被动都可,但表达的含义不同。
如Do you have some clothes to wash? 这句用主动,意思是you去洗衣服。整个句子问的是,你是不是要去自己个洗衣服去?可能暗示:你要是去的话,咱俩一块去。
Do you have some clothes to be washed? 这句用被动,意思是you有没有脏衣服。整个句子问的是,脏衣服,你有没有?可能暗示:你要是有的话,我给你洗,为你干啥,我都愿意。
二. 系表结构中的to do
1. 形容词做表语 + to do
这时的主语不是我们常见的it形式主语,而是具体的人或物。而表语是形容词,不是名词适用于此句型的形容词有:Difficult, easy, comfortable, hard, pleasant, interesting, nice, important等。
eg:The question is very difficult to answer. (answer the question)
eg:The problem is difficult to deal with. (deal with the problem)
eg:He is a man easy to get on with. (get on with the man)
eg:these apples are good to eat. (eat apples)
eg:The river is dangerous to swim in. (swim in the river)
eg:The room is comfortable to live in. (live in the room)
eg:The problem is difficult to work out. (work out the problem)
总结:这个句型需要满足的条件是系表结构,主语都可以转变成逻辑上不定式的宾语。
2. 名词做表语+ to do
同上一个小点一样,不是我们常见的it形式主语,而是具体的人或物。表语是名词,不是形容词。
eg:This is a difficult question to answe