板块1 专题1 第3节 主旨大意题-（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2024年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

第三节　主旨大意题 考情细分析 高考新考法 　　高考全国卷常考：1.标题归纳题；2.文章大意题；3.段落大意题。 其中标题归纳题难度最大，是每套高考全国卷的必考题型。 1．2023年新课标Ⅰ卷考查了一道段落大意题。 2．2023年新课标Ⅱ卷考查了一道标题归纳题。 3．2022年新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷分别考查了一道段落大意题和一道标题归纳题； 4．2021年新高考Ⅰ卷考查了一道标题归纳题和一道段落大意题； 5．2022年全国甲卷考查了一道标题归纳题、一道文章大意题和一道段落大意题； 6．2022年全国乙卷考查了一道标题归纳题。 [对应学生用书P19] [明命题方式] 1．The best title of the passage is________． 2．Which of the following is the best title for the text? 3．The passage is mainly about________． 4．What is the passage mainly about? 5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? 6．What is the first/second/... paragraph mainly about? [晓解题捷径] 1．首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章大意，可以通过文章的末段进行验证； 2．如果没有主题句，可以寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者贯穿全文的指引词汇。 [辨选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段； (2)确定的范围恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小； (3)精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩； (4)含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。 2．干扰选项特征 以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或主旨的一部分 主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章要讨论的范围 断章取义 以次要的事实、细节替代全文的主要观点 无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖 [对应学生用书P20] 考点1　最佳标题类 (2022·全国甲卷·B)Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape­recognition abilities to a human two­year­old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial­and­error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This ind