内容正文:
第四节 词句猜测题
考情细分析
高考新考法
高考全国卷每套卷一般会有1~2道题考查词句猜测。常考词义猜测题和代词指代题,句意猜测题考查频率较低。
1.2023年新课标Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷各考查一道词义猜测题,2023年全国甲卷和全国乙卷也各考查一道词义猜测题。
2.2022年新高考Ⅰ卷考查一道词义猜测题,2022年新高考Ⅱ卷考查一道句意猜测题和一道代词指代题;
3.2021年新高考Ⅰ卷考查一道词义猜测题;
4.对特别的句子在具体语境中的特殊含义的考查是新的考查倾向。
[对应学生用书P25]
[明命题方式]
1.What could the phrase “...” in the sentence be replaced by?
2.What does the word “...” in the first/second/... paragraph refer to?
3.What does the underlined word in the first/second/... paragraph mean?
4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”?
5.The underlined word “...” most likely means “________”.
6.What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph imply?
[晓解题捷径]
考生除了必须熟练掌握大纲中规定的词汇外,也要注意积累生词和短语,掌握构词法,还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测,掌握一定的做题方法。常见的方法有:
1.根据上下文语境猜测词义;
2.根据上下文逻辑猜测词义;
3.根据“就近原则”找指代;
4.根据构词法猜测词义;
5.根据语法关系猜测词义;
6.根据“意义吻合”猜测句意。
[辨选项特征]
1.正确选项特征
(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。
(2)上下文逻辑通顺。
(3)与原句意思最接近。
(4)代入原文,最为得体。
2.干扰选项特征
(1)与所考词汇形似。
(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词,含有常规词义本来含义的往往是错误选项。
(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
[对应学生用书P25]
考点1 单词或短语含义猜测题
词义含义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力,主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词和短语的能力,而这些词和短语往往都是超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来,猜测词义能力的高低,直接影响着阅读理解得分的高低。
方法1 “逻辑关系”猜词义
阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的,根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义或其大致义域。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有并列、转折和因果等。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
9.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Clearup. B.Addon.
C.Checkin. D.Takeover.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知,画线词表示“清除,清理”,A项含义与画线词含义相近。
(2021·浙江卷·C)“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actio