2024届高三英语一轮复习语法专题非谓语动词 讲义

非谓语动词1 动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。 非谓语动词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √ 一．动词不定式的用法 用法：1.不定式作名词的用法：不定式可以像名词一样，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 不定式作主语和表语 They agreed to give it to me the next day. 不定式作宾语 I don’t wish the subject to be raised again. 不定式作宾语补足语 It is difficult for the students to read the book.学生们读这本书有点儿难。 It is careless of him to break the cup.他太粗心了，把杯子打碎了。 注意1：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到句末。不定式前有时还会带一个of或for引导的逻辑主语。“for sb.”前的形容词常表客观属性，“of sb.”前的形容词常表主观感情或态度。 注意2：不定式与疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等连用构成不定式短语，在句中可担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem.做什么是个大问题。 I didn’t find out when to leave.我不清楚何时出发。 She will tell us where to go and when to start.她将会告诉我们去哪里和什么时候出发。 2.不定式作副词的用法：不定式可作副词用，修饰动词或形容词，在句中作状语，表目的、原因、结果等。 He came to give us a talk yesterday. 不定式表目的 他昨天来（为了）给我们作报告。 I am sorry to hear the sad news. 不定式表原因 听到这个坏消息，我很难过。 I was too tired to move.我累得不能动了。 不定式表结果 必修三重点语法：下列结构的不定式可构成结果状语：too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to，only/just to do（出乎意料的结果）。 I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home. The boy is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to do the work. [即学即练2] ①Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth，never to be seen (see)again. ②He got home only to learn(learn)that his grandfather was ill. ③When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool(cool)the house during the hot day. 3.必修三重点语法：不定式作形容词的用法：不定式作形容词用时，修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，二者在逻辑上既可是主谓关系，也可是动宾关系。 I have no friends to help me. 不定式to help和名词friends是主谓关系 I have too many things to do. 不定式to do和名词things是动宾关系 [归纳拓展] (一)不定式作定语 1．不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。 The car to be bought is for his sister. 2．如果是不及物动词，其不定式后面需有相应的介词。 The Greens have a comfortable house to live in. 3．中心词是序数词或被序数词(the first，the second)、最高级、t