内容正文:
专题十 特殊句式
考点一 强调句
1.陈述句式:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.(强调人时可用that或who,强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他?
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗?
2.not...until...的强调句:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他.(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿,我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美,还因为它的天气。
★名师点津:(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,要用陈述句语序。
I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.
我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。
(2)强调谓语动词,用do/does/did+动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句,并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
考点二 倒装句
完全
倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here,there,now,then,up,down,away,off,in,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语为名词时
部分
倒装
否定副词(never,neither,nor,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time,by no means,on no condition,in no case等)置于句首时
only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句,且置于句首时
“so/neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也是如此/也不……”
部分
倒装
“Not only+部分倒装,but also...”表示“不仅……而且……”
not until...置于句首时,主句需部分倒装
So+adj./adv.+部分倒装+that.../Such(a/an)+adj.+n.+部分倒装+that...表示“如此……以至于……”
Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期,他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。
We laugh at jokes,but seldom do we think about how they work.我们听到笑话时会笑,却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门,一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。
考点三 其他特殊句式
(一)省略
1.状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,构成下列结构:连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Children,when accompanied by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。
2.不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect,hope,intend,mean,try,want,wish等词后。
Firstly,people may feel forced when asked to do things th