Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 语法总结讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

2023人教版 2019 英语必修二 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 语法总结 限制性定语从句 ●概念 ★根据定语从句与先行词间的紧密程度，将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ★限制性定语从句从意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰词不明确，从句前不用逗号； ★非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，为其提供补充信息，去掉也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主句用逗号隔开。 ●限制性定语从句的关系词：对所修饰词加以限制，表示“……的人/物”的定语从句成为限制性定语从句； 限制性定语从句 主语 宾语 指人 who/that who/whom/that 指物 which/that which/that 人物 that that/whose 关系副词 先行词 从句成分 介词+关系副词 when 时间短语 时间状语 介词+which where 地点状语 地点状语 介词+which why reason 原因状语 for+which ●关系词的省略 （1）作宾语常省。以下情况不可省： ① 作主语不可省； e.g. I have a friend who/that is good at English. ② 介词提前，作介词宾语的关系代词不可省； e.g. The house in which he used to live is now a restaurant. （2）关系副词作状语，不可省；但先行词是way且作状语时，关系词可用in which/that，也可省； e.g. This is the way (that/in which) we worked this problem out. ●用that不用which情况 1. 先行词为all/anything/nothing/little/much/none/everything等代词； e.g. Is there anything that I can do for you? 2. 先行词前有the only/the very/the last等修饰； e.g. This is the only pen that I can find. 3.先行词为adj.最高级/序数词；或有adj.最高级/序数词修饰； e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 1. 先行词既表示人又表示物； e.g. We often talk about the people and things that we remember. 2. 主语是who/what/which开头的问句； e.g. Who is the boy that you like most? 6. 定语从句又包含一个定语从句，其中一个已用which时，另一个用that； e.g. They built a house, which has got a garden that we have never seen before. ●用which不用that情况 （口诀：介词后/逗号后不用that）） 1. 引导非限制性定语从句； e.g. This is a famous book, which was written by Cao Xueqin. 2. 从句中介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构； e.g. This is the house in which we used to live. 3. that/those 作主语； e.g. Those who want to go to Harbin come here please. ●用who不用that情况 1. 先行词为people/those； e.g. The people who wants to see you is our boss. 2. 先行词为one/ones/anyone/everyone/none/all（指人）； e.g. Anyone who against us is our enemy. 3. 先行词指人，关系代词在句子作主语时； e.g. The girl who came to my house yesterday is my sister. 【注意】① 关系代词作动词的间接宾语，介词用to/for；关系代词省略时，介词to/for不可省； e.g. Who is the girl that he gave the flower to? The girl I wrote the letter for is my friend. ② 定语从句中