【寒假培优特训】第10讲：句子翻译突破+大学四级词汇进阶+题型综合练 -2024年高三英语精选专题寒假培优特训课（上海专用）

第10讲：句子翻译突破+大学四级词汇进阶+题型综合练 内容导航 演练 知识梳理 演练 （一）翻译微技巧 1. 直译和意译 直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。 1) 他的话让我忍俊不禁。 I couldn’t help laughing at what he had said. 2) 那个国家又发生地震了。 Another earthquake broke out in that country. 3) 要注意的随词汇改变语序的词还有take place, happen, appear, exist, occur, spring up 比如：It suddenly occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his driving license. Lots of bars have sprung up in the streets of Shanghai. 4) 你不可能独立完成任务。 It is impossible for you to complete the task alone. 2. 适当加和减词 1) 我爸爸是老师，在重点中学教书。 My father is a teacher and teaches in a middle school. 2) 每天早晨妈妈是全家第一个起床的人。 Every morning Mum is the first to get up in the family. 3) 这是妈妈告诉我的。 This is what Mum told me. 4) 他虽然退休了，但仍然关心着公司的业务。 Though he has retired, he still cares about the company’s business. 3. 语序的变化 1. 所有出席会议的人都拿到一张电影票。 All those present at the meeting got a film ticket. 2. 我认为你找不到你的自行车了。 I don’ t think you can find your bicycle. I think/believe/suppose ‘ 3. 你认为我该去哪里买药？ Where do you think I should go to buy the medicine? 4. 他越说越激动。 The more he said, the more excited he became. 4. 词性的合理变化 1. 这家超市能买到各种床上用品。 Bed clothes of all kinds are available at this supermarket. (adj.) 2. 我们都非常赞成你的提议。 We are all in favor of ‘your proposal. (prep.) 3. 因为缺钱，他不得不推迟度假。 Because of lack of money, he had to put off his vacation. (n.) 4. 学生不能进教师阅览室。 Students have no access to the teachers’ reading room. (n.) （二）高考英语翻译题常设考点 1、时态语态 时态的把握 1）所给汉语句中如有明确的时间状语，可以作为时态判断的依据。 当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice） At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist / traveler (for help). 在过去几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute) In the past few years, this factory has substituted plastic for wood in order to reduce the cost. 2）有些汉语句中没有明确时间状语，但是可以从句子结构，特别是括号内所给的连接词来判断动词时态。 请尽早作出决定，不然你会错失良机 (or) Please make your decision quickly, or you will miss the good chance. 如果队员们不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。(unless) Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match / final(