内容正文:
2024年全国中考英语语法专题清单专题十九、主谓一致和倒装句
(
所谓
“
一致
”
是指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在
“
人称
”
和
“
数
”
方面的一致,这种一致常由三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
)
(
知识导图
)
(
语法一致原则
)
1. 由and或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。(若连接的是不可数名词,谓语动词也用复数形式)
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
例1-Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
-I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A.is B .am C.was D.are
解析both. . .and. . . 连接并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式,故选D项。
2. 用“one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在用功读书。
Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩都不漂亮。
3. 不定代词 either,neither,each,the other,another,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,
nothing 等在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?
你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好准备了。
4. 不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
To teach is to learn. 教学相长。
Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。
5. 在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。
A+
together with
B+谓语动词+ . . . . .
along with(或 with)
as well as
The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.
那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。
The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他队员都感到累了。
例题:Tony with his parents often to the movies at weekends.
A.go B.goes C.has gone D.have gone
解析由often 可知应用一般现在时,“A with B”结构作主语时,谓语的形式和前面的A保持一致,故选B项。
6.由“some(of),plenty of,a lot of,lots of,most(of),therest(of),all(of),half(of),分数或百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词用单数形式。
Half of the apples have been rotten.一半的苹果都已腐烂。
Half of the apple has been rotten.半个苹果已腐烂。
7.a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A number of trees are cut down.一些树木被砍伐了。
The number of the students in our class is 32.我们班的学生人数是32.
例A number of students playing in the playground ,and the number of the students in our school i