2024届高考英语一轮复习语法专题之语态篇讲义

语态 1、 含义 英语中的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种,是根据主语与谓语之间的关系划分的,如果主语是动作的 执行者,谓语动词就用主动语态,如果主语是动作的承受者,就用被动语态。 二、被动语态的构成和用法 1、被动语态的构成 被动语态的构成:be + 及物动词的过去分词,be 本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化。 主动变被动四部曲 不同情况下被动语态的形式 构成 类别 构成形式 例句 时态 一般现在时 am / is / are + done English is widely used in the world. 一般过去时 was / were + done We were asked to help them. 一般将来时 will / shall + be done A class meeting will be held next Monday. 过去将来时 should / would + be done She said those flowers should be watered. 现在进行时 is / am / are + being done The blackboard is being watered when I left. 过去进行时 was / were + being done Those flowers were being watered when I left. 过去完成时 had + been done The building had been completed before I arrived. 现在完成时 have / has + been done All these flowers have been watered. 谓 语 动 词 含情态动词 情态动词 + be done These books may be kept for two weeks. 含双宾语 变其中一个,多为表示 人的间接宾语为主语 He was given some books. 或 Some books were given to him. 短语动词 其中构成短语动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉, 如:look after / call on / take care of / pay attention to 等 The old woman was often laughed at. Time must be made full use of. 复 合 宾 语 一般情况 宾语变主语,宾语补足 语就成了主语补足语 He was seen sitting there without doing anything. He was made our monitor. 用不带 to 的不定式 感官动词和使役动词在 被动语态中的宾语补足 语 to 要带上,常用动词 有:see / hear / have / watch / notice / help / feel 等 The children were made to work 12 horses a day. She was heard to play the piano in her room last might. 三、句型 1、肯定句:主语+be+过去分词(+by...). The desk was made by my father. 2、否定句: 主语+be not+过去分词(+by...). The desk was not made by my father. 3、一般疑问句: Be+主语+过去分词(+by..)? Yes,主+be/No,主语+be not. Was the desk made by your father?到主语之前。 4、特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+be(+主语)+过去分词(+by...)? What is this kind of sweater made of? 四、被动语态的用法 以下几种情况须用被动语态 ①不知道动作的执行者或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。 All the work has been finished by now. 所有的工作现在都已经完成了。 ②强调动作的承受者。 Health is valued above everything. 健康高于一切。 The injured were allowed home after treatment. 受伤者在治疗后获准回家。 ③动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。 The window glass was broken by a stone. 窗