内容正文:
高考英语谓语类型知识讲解
一、S+FV+N+A
宾补动词+宾语+各种补语
和S+DV+O+O句型的直接宾语一样,S+FV+O+C句型中的宾语通常为名词或代词(而补语可以是形容词、名词、地点副词、介词短语、分词或不定式):
I find John talking with his child.
我发现约翰在和他的孩子说话。
I want him to dress like a nice boy.
我想让他穿得像个好男孩。
但这种句型中的宾语或也可能是不定式、动名词或名词从句。在这种情况下,不定式、动名词或从句应用代词it代替,本身则移到补语后面去,成为it的同位语。
I find it hard to persuade a woman. (不可说I find to persuade a woman hard).
我发现很难说服一个女人。
He considers it necessary that a man should know at leas one foreign language. (不可说he considers that...language necessary.)
他认为一个人至少应该懂得一门外语是必要的。
S+FV+N+A
John made the house dirty.
1.约有200个宾补动词可用形容词作补语。
1)约有50个宾补动词表示精神活动(有些结构属书面语):
They found the book easy.
他们觉得这本书很容易。
They felt it cold.
他们感到很冷。
They felt themselves guilty.
他们感到内疚。
They thought him honest.
他们认为他是诚实的。
They fancied themselves right.
他们认为自己是对的。
They imagined it easy.
他们以为这很容易。
They called him generous.
他们说他很慷慨。
They declared him dead.
他们宣布他死亡。
They professed themselves mistaken.
他们承认自己错了。
They confessed themselves guilty.
他们承认自己有罪。
They were reputed very generous.
他们被认为非常慷慨。
They proved it false.
他们证明了这是错误的。
They showed themselves honest.
他们表现得很诚实。
They rated it good.
他们认为它很好。
They feigned themselves ill.
他们假装生病。
They pretended themselves innocent.
他们假装无辜。
They boasted it precious.
他们夸口说它很珍贵。
They wished him dead.
他们希望他死。
They wanted the house clean and tidy.
他们希望房子干净整洁。
They liked their tea very strong.
他们喜欢喝浓茶。
2)约有30个宾补动词既不表示精神活动也不表示具体动作:
They made him responsible.
他们让他负起责任。
They got the floor dirty.
他们把地板弄脏了。
They put things right.
他们纠正错误。
They kept the room clean.
他们保持房间干净。
They bled their parents white.
他们榨干了父母的血汗。
They cut me dead.
他们不理睬我。
They marked six of students absent.
他们记录有六名学生缺席。
3)至少有50个宾补动词表示具体动作:
He pushed the door open.
他推开门。
He cut the string short.
他把绳子剪短了。
He washed it clean.
他把它洗干净了。
He beat her black and blue.
他把她打得遍体鳞伤。
He knocked himself senseless.
他把自己打昏了。
He shook me awake.
他把我摇醒。
He baked the cake brown.
他把蛋糕烤成褐色。
He ground it sharp.
他磨得很锋利。
He stained it blue.
他把它染成蓝色。
4)约有20个宾补动词(多由不及物动词变成)表示人的动作,后面常跟自身