Unit 4 Natural Disasters 定语从句总结讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

2023人教版（2019）英语必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters 语法总结 关系代词引导的定语从句 ●概念 ① 定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词/代词/主句中的一部分/整个句子的从句； ② 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词； ③ 关系词：引导定语从句的词；还在句子中作一定的句子成分； ④ 关系词—关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as；关系副词：when/where/why； ⑤ 先行词在定语从句中作主语/宾语/定语等成分，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省。 ●用法 【关系代词】 1. that ★指人/物，句子作主语/宾语/表语； ★限制性定语从句作宾语可省； ★指人可与who/whom互换； ★指物可与which互换； e.g. The dress that I bought yesterday is very beautiful. 2. which ★指物； ★非限制性定语从句中可代替整个句子； ★作主语/宾语； e.g. This is the pencil which I bought yesterday. 3. who ★ 指人； ★ 作主语/宾语； ★ 限制性定语从句作宾语可省； e.g. The girl who is dancing in the room is my friend. 4. whose ★ 指人/物； ★ 作定语； ★ 指物=of which; 指人=of whom 意为“……的”； e.g. She has a friend whose mother is an English teacher. 5. as ★ 引导非限制性定语从句； ★ 主要用于“such…as…”；“as/so…as…”；“the same…as…”等结构； ★ 从句根据情况位于主语前/后，也可插在主句间，意为“这件事”“这一点”； ★ 常见结构：as is known to all/as is often the case等； e.g. Such books as I bought yesterday are very interesting. 6. whom ★ 指人； ★ 作宾语； e.g. The woman who my mum is talking to is my English teacher. 【关系副词】 1. when · 先行词是时间； · 作时间状语 e.g. I know the day when my friend was born. 2. where · 先行词是地点； · 作地点状语； e.g. I want to live in a place where there is much snow. 3. why · 先行词是原因； · 作原因状语； e.g. That is the reason why she wants to go to Harbin. 【注意】 1. which和that 作主语不可省；which紧跟在介词后作宾语不可省； 2. who 作宾语=whom，可互换；但介词后只+whom，介词后whom不可省； 3. whose =the+n.+of whom/which或of whom/which…be+n. ●用that不用which情况 1. 先行词为all/anything/nothing/little/much/none/everything等代词； e.g. Is there anything that I can do for you? 2. 先行词前有the only/the very/the last等修饰； e.g. This is the only pen that I can find. 3.先行词为adj.最高级/序数词；或有adj.最高级/序数词修饰； e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 4. 先行词既表示人又表示物； e.g. We often talk about the people and things that we remember. 5. 主语是who/what/which开头的问句； e.g. Who is the boy that you like most? 6. 定语从句又包含一个定语从句，其中一个已用which时，另一个用that； e.g. They built a house, which has got a garden that we have never seen before. ●用which不用that情况 （口诀：介词后/逗号后不用that