2024年中考英语语法复习讲义之现在完成时

现在完成时 学习目标： 1.掌握过去分词的规则变化；2.掌握现在完成时的句型结构以及用法；3.掌握一般过去时与现在完成时的区别；4.掌握短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。 学习过程： 一、观察以下句子，找出句子的相似点 I have completed the homework. They have passed the exam. He has won the first prize. He has just come back. 以上句子中，都有 “have/has+过去分词” 结构，这个结构的时态是现在完成时。 二、观察以下动词的过去分词，并按照构成规则进行归类 (一)played studied visited stopped lived moved hoped planned worried 1)在动词后面直接加上ed，played， visited； 2)不发音的e结尾的动词，后面加上d， lived， moved，hoped； 3)辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把y改为i,后面加上ed，studied， worried； 4)重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加上ed，stopped，planned (二)观察以下动词过去式、过去分词，并进行分类 1.let let let 2.put put put 3.beat beat beaten 4.become became become 5.run ran run 6.send sent sent 7.spend spent spent 8.lay laid laid 9.say said said 10.win won won 11.feel felt felt 12.write wrote written 13.ride rode ridden 14.mean meant meant 15.hear heard heard 归类如下：1)A---A---A型，例词分组：let，put 2)A---B---B型，例词分组：send，lay，spend，say，win，feel，mean，hear 3)A---B---A型，例词分组：run，become 4) A---B---C型，例词分组：write，ride 5) A---A---B型，例词分组：beat 三、现在完成时的用法 1. 影响、结束、经验 A. 例句：We have already cleaned the classroom. Sam has seen the concert. He doesn’t want to see it again. I have never visited London. 表示过去的某个时间曾经做过的、发生过的事情，对目前有某种影响，这时一般不用时间状语；也可以表示到目前为止没有发生或经历的事情。 B. 例句： Have you ever worked on a farm? I have already finished my homework. He has just come. 表示开始于过去的动作已经或者刚刚结束，常和以下时间状语连用：just刚刚, already已经,yet还,仍然(否定句)/已经(疑问句)。 C. 例句：Jim has been late for class five times. He has never been ill in his life. We have visited your school before. 表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情,常和以下的词连用：never从不, ever曾经, once一次, twice两次, recently最近, so far到目前为止, in recent years近年来, in the past few years在过去几年中,