定语从句中关系代词 课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习

关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1 定语从句定义 定语(Attributive) 定语是对名词或代词加以修饰或限定的部分。 定语通常由形容词担任,也可以由名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语形式或从句充当。 定语从句 定语从句是起定语作用的从句,为形容词性从句,用来限制、描绘或说明主句中的某个名词或代词,有时也说明整个主句或主句中的一部分。被定语从句修饰、指代的对象叫做先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等;关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。如: I can’t find the magazine that/which is borrowed from the library. (主语) The man whom you saw just now is my English teacher. (宾语) 关系代词 1. 关系代词that和which (1) that引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也可以指物。指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。that在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。如: I am going to see a friend that/who has just come back from Beijing. This is the novel (that/which) Vincent wrote for the competition. 1. 关系代词that和which (2) which用于指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。如: The tall building which is by the lake looks beautiful. The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 1. 关系代词that和which (2) which用于指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。如: The tall building which is by the lake looks beautiful. The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 下列情况只用that 不用which: 下列情况只用that不用which: ①先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词; ②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰; ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词; 下列情况只用that不用which: ④先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰; ⑤先行词中既有人也有物; ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 只用which不用that的情况 只用which不用that的情况 ①关系代词前有介词时,如: Is this the house in which the old professor was born? ②先行词为that,且指物时,如: What’s that which was put in the car? ③which用作定语时,如: Tom may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 2. 关系代词who, whom和whose 2. 关系代词who, whom和whose (1) who和whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语(常可省略)。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. Professor Wang is the person (whom) you talked about in the office. 2. 关系代词who, whom和whose (2) whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。指人时相当于of whom, 指物时相当于of which。如: Do you know the man whose name is Anderson? = Do you know the man the name of who