内容正文:
定语从句
在主从复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或
代词之后,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句的引导词有关系代词that、which、who、
whom、whose等和关系副词when、where、why等。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句
中的一个成分。初中阶段重点掌握关系代词引导的定语从句。
1.关系代词的用法
关系代词
充当成分
先行词
例句
who
主语
宾语
人
Do you know the old woman who is standing under the tree?
你认识站在树下的那位老太太吗?
whom
宾语
人
She brought her friend whom I had met before.
她带来一个我以前见过的朋友。
which
主语、宾语、表语
物
She got a computer which her parents bought for her.
她有一台她父母给她买的电脑。
that
主语、宾语、表语
人/物
I love movies that are funny. 我喜欢搞笑的电影。
That’s the man that you are looking for.那就是你在找的人。
whose
定语(某人/物的)
人/物
The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
那个父亲是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。
The classroom whose windows are open is ours.
开着窗户的那个教室是我们的。
注意:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时常可省略。
特别说明
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who、whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语, 但
在下列情况下, 当先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导:
(1)当先行词是all、little、much、none、everything、anything、nothing等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t understand?
你有什么不懂的地方吗?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。
(2)当先行词前面有the only、the very、the last等修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
(4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best?
哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?
注意:当先行词既指人又指物时,关系代词也只能用that。
It has great food and people that I will never forget.它有很棒的令我永生难忘的食物和人。
2.定语从句的“主谓一致”原则
定语从句中谓语动词在人称和数上与先行词保持一致。
针对训练
用that、which、who、whom或whose填空
1.This is the man_____________wants to see you.
2.The man_____________you want to see has come.
3.This is the dictionary_____________my mom gave to me for my birthday.
4.I like the teacher_____________classes are very interesting and creative.
5.Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a work_____________all the great erhu masters play and praise.
6.This is the most interesting book_____________I have ever read.
用所给词的适当形式填空
7.I like songs that_____________(have) greatlyrics.
8.I have a book that_____________(be) about Chinese history.
9.Any