2023年中考英语二轮复习学案 被动语态

被动语态 一、被动语态的结构和用法 1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 结构 主语+do/does+其它 主语+am/is/are+done+其它 例句 We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 结构 主语+did+其它 主语+was/were+done+其它 例句 He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 结构 主语+will/shall+do+其它 主语+am/is/are going to+do+其它 主语+will/shall +be+done+其它 主语+am/is/are going to +be+done+其它 例句 They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 情态动词 结构 主语+情态动词+do+其它 主语+情态动词+be+done+其它 例句 We should plant more trees. More trees should be planted by us. 2.被动语态的用法 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况: (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如: This watch is made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如: More trees must be planted every year. 每年都必须种更多的树。 (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 (4)动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如: Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 二、主动语态和被动语态的转化 1.主动语态变为被动语态 (1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 (2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引出。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 如:我们让他唱了首英文歌。 We asked him to sing an English song. 改为He was asked to sing an English song by us. 题组训练 根据提示,完成句子 ①The sports meeting_ in November. 运动会将在十一月举行。 ②A lecture on American culture _ in the school hall yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午在学校礼堂里举行了一场有关美国文化的讲座。 ③I won't go there unless I _. 除非被邀请,否则我是不会去那里的。 2.被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中的感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、 notice 等和使役动词make、have 等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。如: We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening. 知识拓展 1.主动形式表示被动意义(不能用于被动语态) (1)open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动形式表示被动意义。如: This pen won't write.这支钢笔不好使。 This sweater washes well.这件毛衣很耐洗。 (2)feel、seem、look、sound、taste、smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如: School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。 Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香。 (3) sth. be worth doing 是主动形式表示被动意义。如: This film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。 (4)“want/ need/ require + doing”相当于“want/ need/require+to be done”如: My bike need