内容正文:
2024年全国中考英语语法专题清单专题十八、定语从句
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定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个从句来担任。担任定语功能的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
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知识导图
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1.先行词被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?
你认识在舞台上唱歌的那个姑娘吗?(the girl 为先行词)
This is the museum which was built last year.这就是去年建成的博物馆。(the museum 为先行词)I'll forever cherish the days when I studied abroad.我将永远怀念我在国外求学的日子。(the days为先行词)Let's find a place where we can have a picnic. 我们找一个能野餐的地方吧。(a place为先行词)
2.关系词引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在从句中作状语。Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing that comes to mind.说到美国,人们最先想到的就是纽约。(作主语)
I'll cherish the moment when I met Lisa.我将怀念我和莉萨见面的那一时刻。(作状语)
知识拓展
在定语从句中,关系词取代了先行词,因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。下面的句子是错误的:
This is the right book that you are looking for the book.(应去掉 the book)
This is the right book that you are looking for it. (应去掉it)这正是你正在找的书。
3. 关系代词和关系副词
(1)常见的关系代词
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指所作成分
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指代对象
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指代人
指代物
指代人、物
主语
who that
which that
that
宾语
who.whom.that
which that
that
定语
whose /of whom
whose/of which
whose
(2)常见的关系副词
指代对象
先行词
关系副词以及相应的介词结构
时间
day,year,date,time
when,during,on/in which
地点
the place ,the city ,Nanjing
where,at/in/from which
原因
the reason
why,for which
Mr White invited many friends to his party whom/who he respected.
怀特先生邀请了很多他尊敬的朋友参加他的聚会。(whom/who在定语从句中作respected的宾语,指代many friends)Make marks at the places where you have questions.
在你有问题的地方做上标记。(where在定语从句中作地点状语)
I still remember the time when we first met scores of years ago.
我依然记得很多年前我们第一次见面的情景。(when在定语从句中作时间状语)
1. who,whom的用法
二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。
I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. 我有很多要给他们寄贺卡的朋友。He is the man who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那名男子。
例Do you know the man is talking to Miss Wu?
A. he B.whom C.who D.which
解析 句意:你认识正在和吴老师说话的那个男人吗?本题考查定语从句。先行词the man指人,关系词在从句中充当主语,故应选who.答案 C
温馨提示
在现代英语中,定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 whom,也可以用who代替,但who不用于介词之后。在非限制性定语从句