Unit7 International charities Grammar 任务单 2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8B Unit7 International charities Grammar 【学习目标】 1、学习被动语态 2、正确区分主动于被动语态 【基础部分】 一. 语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 · 主动语态中主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak English.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 · 被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二. 被动语态在不同时态中的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词done”构成。人称、数和时态的变化通过be的变化表现。 一般现在时 am/ is/ are done 一般过去时 was / were dome 现在进行时 am/ is / are/ being done 过去进行时 was / were being done 现在完成时 have/ has been done 过去完成时 had been done 一般将来时 will / shall be done 过去将来时 would be done 情态动词 can/may/must/should be done 不定式 to be done 介词后面 stop…from being done 三. 被动语态的使用语境： (1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) 　　 This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 (2) 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 四. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 　　主动语态： 宾语 动作承受者 谓语 及物动词 主语 动作发出者 　　 + + by+宾语 动作发出者 谓语 be + done 主语 动作承受者 被动语态： + + 例如：All the people laughed at him. They make the bikes in the factory. 　　 He was laughed at by all people. The bikes are made by them in the factory. Who designed this CD-ROM? Whom was this CD-ROM designed by? By whom was this CD-ROM designed? 注意点：①含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。 例如：The teacher gave the pupils some advice. 间接宾语 直接宾语 The pupils were given some advice by the teacher. Some advice was given to the pupils by the teacher. My parents bought me a new computer. I was bought a new computer by my parents. A new computer was bought for me by my parents. ② 主动语态中含有复合宾语（宾语加宾语补足语）变为被动语态时，只能将句子中的宾语作为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语不能作为被动语态的主语。 例如： We found the film interesting. = The film was found interesting. They t