内容正文:
小升初语法讲解 动词(系动词) 专题训练(讲义) 牛津译林版(三起)英语六年级下册
知识点讲解
动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:The boy runs fast.(runs表示主语的行为);He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态。
二、动词的分类
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即:行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
1. 行为动词的定义、特点和分类
1). 定义:行为动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词。
2). 特点:它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:
I live in Beijing with my mother.
It has a round face.
3). 分类:按行为动词是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词;
按行为动词动作持续时间长短,可以分为持续性动词和瞬间性动词。
4). 及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:
Give me some ink, please.
If you have any questions, you can raise hands.
不及物动词:意思完整,可以单独作谓语,例如:
He works hard.
Jack runs faster than Mike.
不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词,例如:
Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.
He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.
2.系动词
1). 定义:系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,例如:系动词be。
2). 特点:第一,它有词义但不完整,故不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成谓语,例如:
We are in Grade Two this year.(Grade Two就是are的表语)
第二,系动词不能用于被动语态,改错:“棉花摸起来很软”
Cotton is felt soft. → Cotton feels soft.
3). 分类:
表示“是”的系动词be;表示感官系动词的词,例如:
She looked tired. (看起来)
The flowers smell sweet. (闻起来)
The story sounds interesting. (听起来)
表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,例如:
She became a college student.(成了)
His face turns white.(脸色变苍白了)
He grew old.(他老了。)
精选精练
1.—I’m thirsty, Mum. ( )
—______ some juice in the fridge.
A.There are B.There is C.It is
2.______ a dog over there(在那边). It’s lost. ( )
A.Here’s B.Here are C.Here
3.—What ______ spring like? ( )
—Trees have green leaves.
A.is B.does C.do
4.Wu Binbin’s family ______ going to get together. ( )
A.will B.is C.are
5.It will ______ hot in Shanghai. ( )
A.is B.be C.不填
6._____ the book on the chair? ( )
A.Are B.Is C.Am
7.Will it _____ sunny in Beijing? ( )
A.is B.don’t C.be
8.He _____ my friend. ( )
A.have B.has C.is
9._____ the pens on the desk? ( )
A.Are B.Is C.Am
10.What _______ that? ( )
A.am B.are C.is
11.______ it sunny yesterday? ( )
A.Is B.Will C.Was
12.Dinner _______ ready. ( )
A.for B.are C.is
13.There _______ a toy shop in front of the bookshop. ( )
A.are B.is