(讲义)Unit 2 Understanding each other 突破 语法大冲关-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版2020)

复习定语从句 [观察例句]　 1．The woman who is standing by the classroom is our Chinese teacher. 2．She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to Singapore. 3．She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood. 4．I shall never forget the day when (on which) we moved into our new flat. 5．Here are such questions as are often asked by the university students. 6．She was fond of dancing，which her husband never was. [归纳用法]　 定语从句指在主从复合句中用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它们进行限制、描绘和说明。被定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度，定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 一、关系词的用法 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，who，whom，whose，which，as。其中 who 和 whom 只用于指人，which和 as 只用于指事物，whose 和 that 既可用于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。关系副词有 when，where 和 why，其中 when 表示时间，where 表示地点，why 表示原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 This is the book (which/that) you want. 这就是你要的那本书。 Is he the man who/whom/that you want to see? 他就是你想见的人吗？ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可指代的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的小镇。 These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的原因。 There are occasions when (on which) we slipped up. 有时候我们也会出错。 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，因此常常和“介词＋which”结构换用。例如： This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 四、限制性和非限制性定语从句 1．定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定作用，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2．当先行词是专有名词，或由物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charlie Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My books，which a short time ago had seemed so tiresome，so heavy to carry，now seemed to me like old friends. 我的书，不久前好像很令人厌烦、拿着很沉，此刻似乎是我的老朋友。 3．非限制性定语从句还能将主句的表语部分或整个主句作为先行词。例如： He seemed a foreigner，which i