(讲义)Unit 3 The world Online 突破 语法大冲关-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册(译林版2020)

动词­ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [观察例句] ①Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 时间状语 ②Being ill，he couldn't go to school. 原因状语 ③Working hard，you'll make great progress. 条件状语 ④The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 结果状语 ⑤All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 伴随状语 ⑥Is there a swimming pool in your school？ 前置定语 ⑦I know the boy sitting besides you just now. 后置定语 ⑧I heard him singing next door. 宾语补足语 [归纳用法] 一、动词­ing形式作定语 1．表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 2．和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. ＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。 [名师点津]　动词­ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 I'm looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 二、动词­ing形式作状语 (一)具体用法 1．作时间状语 常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Hearing the noise，I turned round. ＝When I heard the noise，I turned round. 听到响声我转过身去。 2．作原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。 Being poor，he couldn't afford a TV set. ＝Because he was poor，he couldn't afford a TV set. 由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。 3．作条件状语 相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard，you'll certainly succeed. ＝If you work hard，you'll certainly succeed. 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。 4．作结果状语 通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 The fire lasted a whole night，causing great damage. 大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。 [名师点津]　动词­ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构，其被动形式为only to be done。 He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 5．作让步状语 相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。 Living miles away，he attended the course on time every day. ＝Although/Though he lived miles away，he attended the course on time every day. 尽管离几英里远，他每天都按时上课。 6．作方式和伴随状语 动词­ing形式表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。 Mary sat by the win