(讲义)Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 突破 语法大冲关-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册(译林版2020)

省略 为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。 [观察例句] ①(You)Come in，please! ②(Are you) OK? ③(You come) This way，please. ④John is a lawyer，and his wife (is) a cleaner. ⑤The boy wanted to play football in the street，but his mother did not allow him to(play football in the street). ⑥His advice made me happy，but (his advice made) Jim angry. ⑦You'd better look out when (you are) crossing the street. ⑧He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on. ⑨He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. [归纳用法] 一、简单句中的省略 1．省略主语：主要是祈使句中的you (如例①)。 2．省略主语和谓语的一部分(如例②)；主语和谓语都很明确时，可将二者同时省略(如例③)。 3．省略宾语：当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know Miss Gao? —No，I don't know (Miss Gao). 二、并列句中的省略 在由and或but等连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。 1．省略重复的动词(如例④) 2．省略重复的短语(如例⑤) 3．省略重复的主语与谓语动词(如例⑥) 三、复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 (1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略(如例⑦)。 (2)当状语从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 They don't use more water than (it is) necessary. 他们不会用过量的水。 (3)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句中的相同时，从句中谓语常被省略。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs). 他跑的和Bob一样快。 2．定语从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词who/whom/that 可省略(如例⑧)。 (2)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词which/that 可省略。 The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018. Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2018年。 (3)在限制性定语从句中，作状语用的关系代词which/that 可省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying. 他跟我们说话的方式真烦人。 [名师点津]　当whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。 3．宾语从句中的省略 (1)由that 引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略(如例⑨)。 (2)由when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city). 我知道一个电影明星要来我们的城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。 (3)在表示建议、要求、命令等含义的动词或名词后接的宾语从句中，谓语常用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。常用词有：suggest，insist，order，require，suggestion，advice等。 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. 医生建议他试着减肥。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Although damaged (damage) by an earthquake，the old city remains much of its origin