(练习)课时分层作业13 UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Understanding ideas-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版2019)

Unit 5　Into the unknown 课时分层作业(十三) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Environmental damage threatens the whole of ________(civilise)． 2．The book is an ________ (expand) of a series of lectures that the astronomer gave last year. 3．There was no chance of him being found alive and the search ____________ (abandon)． 4．When I got into the office，I found Mr Green ________ (bury) in his work，without noticing my arrival. 5．I really hope you could take a serious consideration of my ________ (apply) for the job. 6．He ____________ (dismiss) because he didn't achieve the aim of increasing sales they had set. 7．They built the ________ (pyramid) and turned their kings into mummies. 8．Years of fighting have left the area ______ ruins. Ⅱ.阅读理解 A In 1841，a book was published which astonished the world.It was called Incidents of Travel in Central America，Chiapas and Yucatan.The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long，difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rainforest of southern Mexico and Guatemala.He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood，an architect and artist，to search for the remains of a lost civilisation known as the Maya.Very little was known about the Mayas at that time，but Catherwood's drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples，pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbours，the Aztecs.These cities，however，were deserted.The inhabitants (居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before. Since that time，far more has been learned about this remarkable civilisation.The Mayas had a highly-developed system of government and of agriculture，as well as an incredibly accurate system of measuring time.They were also wonderful engineers capable of moving huge blocks of stone long distances and cutting them to accurate shapes and sizes. And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel，they never used it.Neither did they use metals other than copper.What is even more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of their cities and built new ones in the jungle.Some time around 900 AD，Maya civilisation collapsed.By the year 1200，their last great capital，Chichen Itza，was deserted. Who were these strange people and the even stranger gods they worshipped? What brought about their sudden and mysterious collapse? Some writers have tried to prove that the Mayas had contact with visitors from space and even that they themselves came from another planet.Some people believe that their civilisation came to an end because the Mayas never developed a proper resistance to local germs and diseases.All we really know is that when the first Europeans appeared off their coast in 1517，this great and mysterious culture was only a memory. 1．One of the most surprising findings about the Mayas was that ________． A．they developed accurate system measuring time B．they knew how to build pyramids with stones C．they deserted their cities and moved to new ones D．they built cities which they never lived in 2．According to the third paragraph，Maya civilisation collapsed probably in ________． A．a thousand years before 1841 B．around 900 AD C．any year between 1200 and 1517 D．1200 3．What brought about the Maya sudden collapse? A．Tropical germs and diseases. B．European conquest. C．Mysterious force from outer space. D．No one knows for sure. B The Maya Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years.The Maya were so bright that they achieved a lot.They had farms，temples and cities with many buildings.They knew much about nature and the world around them.This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time. In ancient Mexico there were many small clearings in the forest.In each clearing was a village with fields of crops around it.The Maya planted seeds after they cleared the land.A farmer was able to grow crops that produced for several people.But not every Maya had to be a farmer.Some were builders or priests (祭司)． The Maya believed in many gods.They built large temples to honour them.Skillful workers built cities around these temples.It was difficult because they had to carry all of the building materials themselves.Today，many of these ancient Maya cities and temples are still standing. Although the Maya worked hard to build the beautiful cities，very few of them lived in them.Usually，only the priests lived in the cities.The other people lived in small villages in the forests.Their houses were much simpler.Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature. Around the year 800 AD，the Maya left their villages and beautiful cities，and never returned.No one knows why this happened.They may have died from a deadly disease.They may have left because the soil could no longer grow crops.The lost secrets of the Maya are still beyond the reach of modern people.They are still one of our greatest mysteries. 4．Why did the Maya live better than most people of their times? A．They had skillful workers. B．They believed in many gods. C．They knew better about nature. D．They could measure time correctly. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The priests were not highly respected by the ancient Maya. B．The ancient Maya cities and temples were well built. C．The ancient Maya people led a happy life in the cities. D．The ancient Maya people died from a serious disease. 6．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The Maya people. B．The Maya villages. C．The Maya cities. D．The lost secrets of the Maya. 7．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A．The Cities of the Maya B．The Belief of the Maya C．The Maya D．The Buildings of the Maya Ⅲ.阅读七选五 People take up volunteering for different reasons.Some want to “give something back” while others want to meet new people or learn new skills. 1 Choose a charity or an organisation.Firstly，what sort of organisation do you want to help？ 2 And perhaps you have been affected by some of the problems that a charity aims to support，like children who need help.Many local schools rely on volunteers who come in regularly to read with the children or help with their math. 3 Once you have decided where you want to volunteer，you then have to decide what sort of volunteer work you want to do.Think about your existing skills: Do you prefer hands-on work? Are you good at dealing with people? Do you have a background in paperwork? Charities need volunteers to work in shops，organise or manage money-raising events，or，in the case of animal charities，walk dogs. Find a position.Most charities have a website with a section aimed at attracting potential volunteers and they advertise specific roles available. 4 In this case，you would usually need to phone or visit their offices to find out how you can help.You will be welcomed with open arms! Apply for suitable positions.Be prepared with information about your previous (or current) employment and the sort of skills you have，so that the charity can match you to the most appropriate role.You might think that you have no such skills. 5 Ask your friends and loved ones what they think you have to offer. A．Decide on the kind of work. B．Don't let your lack of confidence stop you. C．You might have a particular charity in mind. D．Consider how much time you want to commit. E．Without them，they wouldn't carry out their work. F．But smaller charities might not have money to do this. G．Whatever the reason，you need to make some decisions. 2/5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十三) Ⅰ.1.civilisation　2.expansion　3.was abandoned　4.buried 5．application　6.was dismissed　7.pyramids　8.in Ⅱ. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C B D C B D C Ⅲ. 1 2 3 4 5 G C A F B Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了玛雅文明的发达之处和对玛雅文明衰落的种种猜测。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，更让人惊奇的是玛雅人遗弃了旧城，迁移到新城。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some time around 900 AD，Maya civilisation collapsed.”可知，玛雅文明大约于公元900年消亡。] 3．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段前几个问句可知，对于玛雅文明的陨落至今还没有定论。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玛雅人的生活、信仰等，从而说明玛雅人的神秘。 4．C　[细节理解题。由第一段后两句可知他们知道很多关于自然和周围的世界的知识。这些知识帮助他们过上比当时大多数人更好的生活。故选C。] 5．B　[细节理解题。由第三段最后一句(如今，许多这些古老的玛雅城市和寺庙仍然屹立。)可知古玛雅的城市和寺庙很坚固，建造得非常好。B项符合语境。故选B。] 6．D　[词义猜测题。由第五段后两句可知玛雅人失踪的秘密至今仍不为现代人所知。这些秘密仍然是我们最大的奥秘之一。“They”指的是前一句中的“玛雅人失踪之谜”。D项符合语境，故选D。] 7．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文分别介绍了玛雅人的生活、城市、信仰等，故选C。] Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了从事志愿工作需要做的一些决定。 1．G　[根据上文提到人们从事志愿活动有不同的原因。有些人想“回馈社会”，而有些人想结识新朋友或学习新技能。G项(不管是什么原因，你都需要做一些决定。)符合语境。故选G。] 2．C　[根据段落主题句“Choose a charity or an organisation.(选择一个慈善机构或组织。)”可知，本段内容和选择慈善机构有关，C项中的“a particular charity”和上文的“Choose a charity”对应。C项(你可能想到了一个特别的慈善机构。)符合语境。故选C。] 3．A　[空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是决定自己工作的类型。A项“Decide on the kind of work.”与下文中的“decide what sort of volunteer work”对应。A项(决定工作的类型。)符合语境。故选A。] 4．F　[根据上文“大多数慈善机构都有一个网站，其中有一部分旨在吸引潜在的志愿者，他们会发布具体的职位空缺。”和下文“在这种情况下，你通常需要打电话或拜访他们的办公室，看看你如何提供帮助。”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明小机构可能没有钱建立自己的网站。F项(但较小的慈善机构可能没有钱这样做。)符合语境。故选F。] 5．B　[根据上文“You might think that you have no such skills.(你可能认为你没有这样的技能。)”可知，空处对上文进行补充说明，不要因为觉得自己没有对应的技能而缺乏自信。B项(不要让你的缺乏自信阻止你。)符合语境。故选B。] 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$