11 专题一 第三节 第四讲 论点、论证和论据，议论文体拿高分（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮（老教材）

第四讲　论点、论证和论据，议论文体拿高分 高考议论文阅读基本都是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据、论证和结论等组成。相对于其他文体，议论文阅读要难一些。阅读议论文时，抓住了论点，我们就把握了中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例以及它们和论点或结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读议论文的关键是抓论点。 [真题典例] (2023·全国乙卷·阅读D)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate and non­literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non­literate societies such as these, all our first­hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue