2024届高考英语复习构词法之转化法讲义

转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词。 button (钮扣)→ to button (扣钮扣) native (本地的)→ native (本地人) 这种不添加任何成分, 不改变词形, 把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。 转化法是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类，但其意思基本无太大变化。十选九和阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易弄清它们的引申义。下面将一些常见的变化列举如下： 1、动词转化为名词 1）很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如： ①have a look (chat, talk, wash, swim, rest, try, quarrel, interview, taste, etc) ②make a study (guess, visit, call, survey, jump, slip, change, answer, advance, etc) ③come to a stop (end, pause) Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。 We stopped there for a swim. 2）有时意思有一定变化，如： He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 He was about the same build as his brother.他的体形和他哥哥差不多。 3）有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如： Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2、名词转化为动词 1）许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词, 表示动作。 Have you booked your ticket？ (预定) It can seat a thousand people. (容纳) 2）有些表示身体部位的名词活用来做动词。 We'll back you up. (支持) We'll head for Yunnan tomorrow. (朝……前进) Hand in your book, please. 请把书交上来。 3）一些表示一类人的名词也可用做动词。 If so, we shall be badly fooled. (上当) We were hosted by members of the embassy. (款待) 4）一些抽象名词等也可以用做动词。 Over 1000 students stormed into the building .(冲进) We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 5）一些表示其他实物的名词也可用做动词。 This helped to bridge over our difficulties. (度过) For six days and nights they battled to save his life.(苦战) 3、形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如： We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 The newspaper had been yellowed by sunlight. (使变黄) He lowered his voice. (降低) 4、副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5、形容词转化为名词 ①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服 ②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如： The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 形容词用作名词： He is a natural for the job. (天生适合……的人) It is necessary to make a distinction between right and wrong. (是与非) They are running in the final . (决赛) Our six- year-old is at school. (六岁的孩子) 再如: in short, for short, in general, for free, in red, i