Unit 1 必背知识点2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

八年级下第1单元知识点 1. 定语从句 ①定义:定语从句在句子中作定语,修饰一个名词或者代词,被修饰的名词或者代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引出:who、whom、whose、that、which、when、why、where等。 ②用法: A. 当先行词与人有关时,引导词可以用关系代词:who(作从句主语),that(作从句的宾语、主语),whom(作从句的宾语),whose。 *He is the man who/that can control everything made of iron。“他是那个能控制一切由铁制成的男人。”(who/that在从句中作主语。) *He is the man whom/that I want to visit in the future.“他是我未来想要拜访的人。”(whom/that 在从句中作visit的宾语。) *He helped the man whose car is super cool.“他帮助了一个拥有超酷的车的人。” B. 当先行词与物有关时,引导词可以用关系代词that、which。 *A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.“农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。”(which/that 在从句中作主语。) *The package (which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.“你拿的包裹快散了。”(which/that在从句中作宾语。) C. 当先行词表示地点时,引导词用关系副词where/介词+which。 Eg:I like this city where(in which) I have stayed for more than ten years.“我喜欢这了我已经呆了十年以上的城市。” D. 当先行词表示时间时,引导词用关系副词when/介词+which。 Eg:there are occasions when (on which)one have to yield. “任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。” E. 当先行词表示原因时,引导词用关系副词why/介词+which。The reason why he doesn't want to study is confusing.“他不想学习的原因令人困惑。” F. that 可以在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后面取代关系副词when、where、why和“介词+which”。在口语中that常被省略。 Eg:His father died the year(when/that/in which)he was born.“他父亲在他出生那一年逝世了。” ③只用that 的情况: A. 当先行词本身为all、few、little、much、none、some、any、something等不定代词修饰时,关系代词通常用that,不用which。 B. 当先行词被all、every、no、little、few、one、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。 C. 当先行词被the+序数词修饰或形容词的最高级修饰时,关系代词通常用that、不用which。 D. 当先行词即指人又指物时,通常用that,不用which。 E. 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。 F. 当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复,通常用that。 G. 当先行词在主句中做表语或关系代词在从句中做表语时,通常用that,不用which。 ④不能用that的情况: A.非限制性定语从句中只用which或as B.介词前置时 C.先行词本身时that时。 2. 询问某人身体状况 ① what's the matter/trouble(with sb)?= what's up/wrong(with sb)?“某人怎么啦?” ② Be动词 +主语+OK?“某人还好吗?” ③ Is there anything wrong(with sb)?“有什么问题吗?” ④ What happen (to sb)?“(某人)发生了什么?” 3. 回答身体状况 ① Sb+have+a/an sore+身体部位. ② Sb+ have a/an +身体部位+ache. ③ Sb hurt +身体部位+反身代词. ④ 身体部位+hurt. ⑤ Sb have a pain in one’s +身体部位. ⑥ Something is wrong