专题一 阅读理解 强化练09 高阶阅读能力专练（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮（新教材）

强化练(九)　高阶阅读能力专练 选题依据：阅读理解中的高阶阅读能力题主要包括理解词汇、具体信息、主旨要义、观点、态度、目的，推断和理解文章结构、类型等。高阶阅读能力题在阅读理解试题中的比重逐步提升，重在考查同学们的高阶思维能力，让同学们在分析、归纳、概括的过程中，培养逻辑思维。 A 语篇类型 主题语境 说明文 人与社会——科学技术之预测学生成绩的算法 (2023·湖北重点中学联考)An unlikely scandal affected the British government greatly.After COVID­19 forced the government to cancel the “A­level” exams that help determine university admission, the British education regulator used an algorithm(算法) to predict what score each student would have received on their exam. The algorithm relied in part on how the school's students had historically fared on the exam.Schools with richer children tended to have better track records, so the algorithm gave wealthy students—even those on track for the same grades as poor students—much higher predicted scores.High­achieving, low­income pupils whose schools had not previously performed well were hit particularly hard.After threats of legal action and widespread demonstrations，the government backed down and canceled the algorithmic grading process entirely.This wasn't an isolated incident: In the United States similar issues troubled the International Baccalaureate exam，which used an opaque(不透明的) artificial intelligence system to set students' scores，prompting protests from thousands of students and parents. These episodes highlight some of the traps of algorithmic decision­making.As technology advances，companies, governments, and other organizations are increasingly relying on algorithms to predict important social outcomes, using them to distribute jobs, forecast crime, and even try to prevent child abuse.These technologies promise to increase efficiency, enable more targeted policy intervention, and remove human imperfections from decision­making processes.But critics worry that opaque machine learning systems will in fact reflect and further keep shortcomings in how organizations typically function—including by establishing the racial, class, and gender prejudices of the societies that develop these systems.