02-03 专题一 第一节 三大必备策略，扫清阅读障碍(第2讲+第3讲)（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮（新教材）

第二讲　逐词阅读应摒弃，扫读查读快解题 [对应学生用书P4] 一 学生阅读常见的不良习惯 二 学生应养成的良好阅读习惯 利用视读、默读、意群阅读和跳读等方式快速阅读下文并解题。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？A ground­breaking，five­year study shows that diet­related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构)，making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic Period．Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic Age，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter­gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said S