不定式公开课课件-2024届高三英语二轮复习

动词不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”.不定式没有人称和数的变化。 不定式不能单独作谓语,但可充当其他的句子成分。 不定式 1. 作主语 2. 作表语 3. 作宾语 4. 作宾语补足语 5. 作状语 6. 作定语 三. 用法/ 功能 1.To refuse him is not easy this time. 2.To give up smoking is not easy. (1). 主语 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数 It is not easy to give up smoking. 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后. 3.My job is to look after the children. 4.Your task is to clean the classroom. (2). 表语 I have decided to look for a new job. He offered to help me carry the box. (3) 宾语 常用不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, offer, promise, want ,expect pretend, plan. choose, decide, agree, manage, I found it necessary to talk to him again. It做形式宾语，不定式做真正宾语。 think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do His mother asked him to go home early. I expect you to give me some help. (4). 宾补 allow,ask,force,order,permit,want, remind,advise等可接不定式做宾补 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I made him do his work. He was made to do his work (by me). 注意 1. see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语补足语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to） 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉: feel 后接不定式做宾补，要省略to 的动词有： 1.I came here to see you. 2.He got up early to catch the train. 3.I am very glad to hear the news. 4.I hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (5) 状语（表示目的,原因，结果） 注意：1.动词不定式可以放在某些形容词后如 glad,sorry, pleased后作原因状语。 2.Only +不定式，常表一种出乎意料的结果。 I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. (6). 定语 (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.) 1. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 Do you have anything to send? 2.被修饰名词前有序数词修饰是常用不定式做定语 Tom is always the first student to enter the classroom. (7)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。 1.He didn’t know what to say. (宾语) 2.How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) 3.My question is when to start. (表语) 动词不定式的各种形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式