2023-2024学年初高中英语衔接句子成分及五种基本句型课件

句子成分与五种基本句型 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。 汉语里一般的句子成分有六种： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 表语（predicative） 宾语（object） 定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 补语（complement） 句子成分 七种句子基本成分： I saw a tall boy take your book just now. 主 谓 宾 定 补 状 主+谓 主+系+表 主+谓+宾 五种基本句型： 1 2 3 4 5 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 什么是主语？ 1）主语：是一个句子的老大。 是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。 常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。一般放于句首。如： Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe. 动词不定式 什么可以作主语？ 名词 代词 数词 Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. Smoking is harmful to the health. The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem. 动名词 名词化的形容词 主语从句及复合结构 什么可以作主语？ 什么是谓语？ 谓语：说明主语做了什么，是什么，怎么样 。 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 通常由动词的各种形式来充当，并且和主语 在人称和数上保持一致，一般放在主语之后. We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well. 什么可以作谓语？ 不及物动词 vi 及物动词 vt We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. She seems tired. 系动词 谓语的正确表现形式: 掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化: 1) 人称和数的变化 如: I work in a big company. He works in a big company. 2) 时态变化 如: I usually get up at six . I am getting up now . I got up at five yesterday . I will get up at seven tomorrow . I have already got up . I was getting up when he came in . I had got up when he came to my house . 3) 语态变化 如: The children carried school bags . ( 主动语态 ) School bags were carried by the children . ( 被动语态) 谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作. 谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化，随着时间的不同而变化，随着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化，总之,时时在变. 谓语有三种不同的形式: 1) 动词