2024年中考英语语法之动词不定式复习及练习题

动词不定式 一、不定式的基本形式与结构 通常由to加上动词原形所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。 动词不定式有进行时和完成时(如上to be reading,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。 二、不定式的用法 1)不定式结构作主语 例句:To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. 如果不定式较长,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。如: 例句:It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago. 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb.to do sth.结构表达: 例句:It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语: 例句:It is very kind of you to tell me the truth. It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing. 2)不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构: 只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decide demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。 动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式: 这类动词常见的有advise,decide,find out,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。 有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。 3)不定式做表语 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语也是不定式(表示结果): 例句:To see is to believe. To work means to earn a living. 另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用;例如: 1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future. 2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price. 3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience. 4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型: 第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如: 1.There was really nothing to fear. 2.He gave me an interesting book to read. 如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。例如: 1.Mary needs a friend to play with. 2.That girl has nothing to