专题七 动词不定式 学案 2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

专题七 非谓语动词之不定式 动词不定式的句法功能:在句中可充当主语,表语,宾语,宾补,定语和状语。 一、作主语 1.不定式作主语一般表示将来或目的,表语常为名词 wish/goal/plan/aim/purpose等。 To become a scientist is his life goal. 2.形式主语it:lt +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. It's hard for him to learn English well. 注意:但如果表语是nice, kind,clever 等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时,则在不定式前加 of 引导的短语。It’s kind of you to help me. 二、作表语 不定式作表语一般表示将来或目的,主语常是wish/goal/plan/aim/purpose等。 Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 三、作宾语 1.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:agree,intend/plan, demand,promise,help,prepare,decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim,hesitate, happen等 2.形式宾语it,动词不定式做真正宾语 find/think/believe/consider/make/feel+it+ adj.+to do sth. I find it easy to learn English. 四、作宾补 固定短语,如 advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth.等。 The patient was warned not to eat oily food. 五、作定语 不定式作定语,位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后。 1.当名词或代词被序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the only 等修饰,且不定式与其逻语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the last man to leave the classroom. 2.ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity,right,desire 等。常用不定式作后置定语不定式常用主动形式。 This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience. 六、作状语 1.作目的状语,用 to/in order to 或 so as to,但 so as to 不用于句首。 To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 2.作结果状语,常用结构 enough to do, so/such...as to do ,too...to..., only to do sth.等。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problems. He got there in a hurry only to find everybody gone. 注意:only to do sth,表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果。 比较现在分词做状语 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 3.作原因状语,常与表示情感的形容词连用,如glad,happy,frightened, surprised 等。 I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog. 4.固定句型:主语+be+形容词+不定式。 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy,hard,difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable 等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is difficult to understand. 1. (2023新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether _(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your m