内容正文:
备战2024年中考语法专题清单十、动词时态详解+习题解析
清单导图
概述:动词主要表示动作,其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。英语中动词的时态有十六种,初中阶段要求掌握的有六种,要求了解的有两种。
时段
一般式
进行式
完成式
过去时
名称
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
结构
S+Ved
S+was/were+Ved
S+was/were+Ving
S+was/were+being+done
had+done
had+been+done
现在时
名称
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
结构
S+V原/三单
S+be+V过分
S+be+doing
S+be+being+done
have/has+done
have/has+been+done
将来时
名称
(
will+V原
)一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成
结构
(
be going to +V原
)S+
(
will+be+V
过分
)S+
S+will+be+doing
will+be+being+done
would+have+done
would+have+been+done
一般现在时主要用来表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态。它的主要构成形式是:主语+动词原形/三单形式。
1、一般现在时的构成
(1)动词be
肯定式
I am...
He/She/It is...
We/You/They are...
疑问式
Am I...?
Is he/she/it...?
Are we/you/they...?
否定式
I am not.../I'm not...
He/She/It is not/isn't...
We/You/They are not/aren't...
否定疑
问式
Am I not...?
Is he/she/it not...?或Isn't he/she/it...?
Are we/you/they not...?或Aren't
we/you/they...?
(2)其他实意动词(work)
肯定式
I work.
He/She/It works.
We/You/They work.
疑问式
Do I work?
Does he/she/ it work?
Do we/you/they work?
否定式
I do not/don't work.
He/She/It does not/doesn't work.
We/You/They do not/don't work.
否定疑问式
Do I not work?或Don't I work?
Does he/she/ it not work?或Doesn't he/ she/it work?
Do we/you/they notwork?或Don't we/ you/they work?
2.一般现在时的用法
(1) 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作
经常与often,usually,always,sometimes,every day等时间状语连用。
She usually gets up at 6:30.她通常六点半起床。
I play football after school every afternoon.我每天下午放学后踢足球。
(2)表示现在的情况或状态I enjoy playing computer games. 我喜欢玩电脑游戏。She speaks Spanish. 她说西班牙语。
(3)表示客观真理The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。The earth travels around the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。
(4)表示将来
①表示按时刻表或安排到时间就会发生的事情或动作
The train arrives at 10: 30. There's plenty of time.火车十点半到达。还有很多时间。
②在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中
If you arrive,please give me a phone call.如果你到了,请给我打个电话。
As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll have a trip.只要明天不下雨,我们就去旅行。I will discuss this matter with you when we meet next tim