高考英语语法词汇专项突破：11直接引语和间接引语六大要点全解读+巩固练习+答案

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：11直接引语和间接引语六大要点全解读+巩固练习+答案 【考点导航】 1. (XXXX重庆卷) The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor _____ this shaking had begun half a year before, and ______, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why 2. (XXXX北京卷) The teacher asked us __________ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 【答案解读】 1. C。从后面的explain知道是间接引语形式，可以还原成直接引语：The doctor said, “How did this shaking begin half a year ago, and how, only because of this, was you forced to give up your job?”。由于前一个问句中有时间状语a year ago，所以不再用when，排除A；而作为医生问原因也不符合逻辑，医生应该分析原因，排除D；后一空根据主句的谓语动词“解释”知道是“怎样，如何”。故选C。 2. D。根据题干的谓语动词asked的提示可以看出是有关祈使句的间接引语，祈使句由直接引语变为间接引语通常用不定式作宾语补足语，本题用ask sb. to do sth.形式。故选D。 【高考热点】 1. 间接引语中的时态。 2. 祈使句的间接引语。 3. 疑问句间接引语中的引导词和语序。 4. 间接引语中保持时态不变的特例。 【基本概念】 在日常生活中引述别人的话通常有两种形式，一种是原封不动地引用原话，把它引在括号内，叫直接引语(Direct Speech)；另一种是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不在括号内，叫间接引语（Indirect/Reported Speech）。如： 1. “I'm going to town,” he said. “我要去城里了”，他说。（直接引语） → He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。（间接引语） 2. He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。”（直接引语） → He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。（间接引语） 【考点解读】 一、引语中的人称、指示代词和动词的变化 在直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语中的人称代词、指示代词和表示趋向的动词要作相应的变化，具体情况见下表： 项目 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 人称代词 I/we she (he )/ they me /us her (him) / them you they/we you them/us my /our his(her)/their your their/our mine/ours his(hers)/theirs yours theirs/ours 指示代词 this that these those 动词 come go 如：1. He said, “We love our hometown.”→ He said they loved their hometown. 2. He said, “This was bought by her sister” →He said that had been bought by her sister. 3. Hs said, “Come here.” →He asked me to go there. 对于代词的变化也可以用下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如： 1. She said,” My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted t