攻克2024届高考英语阅读理解四大文体讲义

攻克2024年高考英语阅读理解四大文体 阅读理解题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容：体裁多 样，以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。不同的文体有不同的写作手法， 相应地有不同的阅读方法。掌握这四种常见文体的特点，对于快速把握文章主旨 和提高解题效率有极大的帮助。 文体一说明文一一抓住结构，关注行文 说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和引用等手段，具 体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息，说明文通常不 包含作者的个人观点。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现 象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、 定义性、说明性的句子居多。 【感悟真题】 (2023·新高考I卷阅读D) As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you're lucky.there might be a pocket park near where you live.but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans.but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers.asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding ( experiences into different categories.For example,one participant's experience of"We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories "sitting at beach"and "listening to waves". Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language"began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife,walking along the edge of water,and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. "We're trying to gener