内容正文:
表达否定意义的单词或词组
1、 讲解
1.助动词+not
Most of the stores do not/don't open until 10 am.大多数商店要到上午10点才开始营业。
2.全部否定
英语中表示全部否定时常用no、not、none、nobody、nothing、nowhere、neither、never 等。
None of my friends smoke.我的朋友都不抽烟。
Nothing ever happens in this town .这个小镇从未发生过什么事。
Never can we foresee the outcome of this incident.我们永远无法预见这一事件的结果。
3.部分否定
代词或副词, 如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, anybody, many ,everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, completely, everywhere, always, often 等与 not 搭配使用时,表示部分否定,意为“并非都是;不是每个都”等。
Not all the food is beneficial to your health.并非所有的食物都对你的健康有益。
He doesn't always stay up late.他并不总是睡得很晚。
特别注意:“not all + 名词(短语)”作主语时,谓语动词的数应与名词(短语)的数保持一致。
4.其他常见的否定形式
1).英语中有些词具有否定意义,常见的有hardly(几乎不),rarely (很少,难得), scarcely (几乎不,几乎没有),seldom (不常,很少),unless ( 如果不),little/few (很少,一点儿), barely (几乎不)等。
I can hardly believe it.这简直让我难以置信。
2).有些短语同样会引起否定,常见的有 not...any more/no longer (不再), far from (远非,完全不),free from (不含......的, 没有.....的), would rather ...than...(宁愿......也不......)等。
Research on the matter is far from conclusive.对于这一问题的研究还远远没有定论。
He'd rather die than give in.他宁死不屈。
3).“ too +adj./adv.+ (for sb) to do sth."结构, 意为 "(对某人来说)太 ......而不能......“, 该结构可换成" not +adj./adv(反义词)enough +(for sb) to do sth"。
The maths problem is too difficult for us to work out.=The maths problem is not easy enough for us to work out.这道数学题太难了,我们解不出来。
特别注意:当too前面有 all, but, only, just ,never 等词修饰,too后面的形容词为表示心情的或描绘性的形容词,如 happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, eager, kind, good, wise 等时,此结构没有否定意义,而表示强烈的肯定意义。
She is only too glad to help you.她非常乐意帮助你。
It's never too late to learn.活到老,学到老。
5.与not 相关的形式否定 (表肯定意义)
当not 用于某些句式时,形式上是否定的,但句子表示肯定意义,常见的该类句式有:
1).can't/cannot...too...意为”越......越.....; 非常;再......也不为过“。在该结构中,can't/cannot 可以换成can hardly, can scarcely, can never等;too 也可换成 enough.
A student can‘t read too many books.(=The more books a student reads, the better.) 一个学生读的书越多越好。
He can't see you quickly enough.他想尽快见到你。
2).cannot but do, cannot help but do 或者 cannot help