寒假作业03 非谓语动词作定语、状语和宾补-【寒假分层作业】2024年高二英语寒假培优练（外研版2019）

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业03 非谓语动词作定语、状语以及宾补 积累运用 一. 非谓语动词的时态和语态 形式 时态 主动 被动 动词ing 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 不定式 一般时 to do to be done 完成时 to have done to have been done 进行时 to be doing 过去分词 表被动或完成 done 二. 非谓语动词在句中可充当定语、状语以及宾补情况 形式 作定语 作状语 作宾补 doing √ √ √ to do √ √ √ done √ √ √ 注意： 1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别. 现在分词作定语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作定语，表示“被动或完成”。 The house built 50 years ago will be pulled down soon. 50多年前被建的这个房子将被拆毁。(the house与build构成被动关系) The workers building the house stopped for a rest. 建造房子的工人们停下来休息休息。（the workers与build构成主动关系） 不定式作定语，表“将来发生的动作” The house to be built will become an office building soon. 将被建造的这个房子将成为办公楼。（the house与build构成被动关系，又表示将来的动作） 2. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别 现在分词作状语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作状语，表示“被动或完成”；不定式作状语，表示目的。 Seen from space, the earth looks blue. =When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue. 当从太空看时，地球是蓝色的。(see与the earth构成被动关系，作时间状语) Seeing the earth from space, we will find it blue. =When we see the earth from space, we’ll find it blue. 当从太空看地球时，我们发现它是蓝色的。（see与we构成主动关系，作时间状语） He stayed in the lab, devoting himself to doing research. = He stayed in the lab, and devoted himself to doing research. 他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与devote oneself to构成主动关系，作伴随状语) He stayed in the lab, devoted to doing research. = He stayed in the lab, and was devoted to doing research. 他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与be devoted to构成被动关系，作伴随状语) To devote himself to doing research, he stayed in the lab day and night. 为了专注于做研究，他夜以继日得在实验室里待着。（不定式to devote oneself to doing research作状语，表示“目的”） 3. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别 （1）”感官动词”+宾语+宾补 I heard him knocking at the door. 我听见他一直敲门。(宾语him与knock构成主动关系，表示持续不断的动作) I heard him criticized by his boss. 我听见被老板批评。（宾语him与criticize构成被动关系） I heard him close the door and go away. 我听见他关门走了。（宾语him与省略to的不定式close the door, go away构成主动关系，表示一个过程的结束） 感官动词包括see, hear, watch, observe, notice等 （2）“使役动词”+宾语+宾补 I had the partner post the letter. 我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the partner