Unit 2 Section 4 Grammar—过去完成时的被动语态-【赢在微点】轻松课堂2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

Section 4　Grammar—过去完成时的被动语态 课前观察自主领悟 语法图解 观察句子 1.The classroom had been cleaned before we got there yesterday. 2.The book had been finished by the end of last month. 3.When I got back to the shop, my bag had been taken away by someone else. 4.It was the fourth time that he had been punished by the teacher. 5.Experiments of this kind had been conducted in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War. 6.Had the AI robots been invented earlier, the production efficiency would have been improved. 7.It rained at last the day before yesterday after all my vegetables had been pulled out by me. 8.She was surprised to find the fridge empty; all the food had been eaten by her children. 我的领悟 过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或者某一动作之前已经发生或者完成, 且主语和谓语之间存在被动关系,构成形式是“had+been+v.⁃ed”。 语法课堂高效学习 一、过去完成时的被动语态的用法 (1)用在told, said, knew, thought, heard 等动词后的宾语从句中。 He said that the books had already been sold out. 他说书早就已经被卖光了。 (2)当before, when, by the time, until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时以及by, before后接过去的时间时,主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the end of last year, 5,000 English words had been learned by us. 截止到去年年底,我们已经学习了5 000个英语单词。 (3)在It was the first/second/... time that 从句结构中,从句的主语是动作的承受者时,从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 那是他的自行车第二次被偷。 (4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实相反,且主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 要是我被邀请得早一点儿,我就和你一起去了。 (5)过去完成时的被动语态在句型 hardly/scarcely ... when .../no sooner ... than ... 中的应用。 Hardly had Tom been told the bad news when he burst into tears. 汤姆一听到这个坏消息就哭了起来。 (6)过去完成时的被动语态在wish后的宾语从句中的应用。 I wish that my purse hadn􀆳t been stolen in the park the other day. 我希望那天在公园里我的钱包没有被偷。 二、现在完成时的被动语态与过去完成时的被动语态的区别 现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作。 过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 【小练】　完成句子 ①汤姆自从三周前失去工作就一直没有工作。 Tom had been unemployed since he lost his job three weeks ago.  ②我发现一个阿司匹林瓶子已经被扔在David房间的地面上。 I found an aspirin bottle had b