内容正文:
第二讲
句 子 种 类
中考英语专项复习
1.能够熟练掌握句子四种类型
2.四种类型句子的构成形式及用法
学习目标
句 子 种 类
英语句子按照使用的目的和交际功能可分为:
陈述句,疑问问,祈使句,感叹句四类。
其中疑问句包括:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句, 选择疑问句,反意疑问句
1 陈述句
陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法,态度等,通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。
(1)陈述句的肯定形式
可分为两种,一种为正常语序,一种为倒装语序。
I bought a book in the shop last Sunday.
In front of our village runs a river.
(2)陈述句的否定形式
可分为完全否定句和部分否定句
完全否定句包括:
①如果句子中的谓语动词有be 动词,助动词或情态动词,其否定形式是在这些动词后面加not.
I am not good at English.
We can’t get there before dark.
I have not finished my homeworl yet.
②如果句子的谓语动词是实义动词,在实义动词前需根据人称和时态用don’t, doesn’t或didn’t,同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the guitar well.(肯定)→ He doesn’t play the guitar well.(否定)
She won the game.(肯定)→ She didn’t win the game.(否定)
文本信息
③ have 在表示有的意思时,其否定形式哟两种,一种时后面加not,另一种用助动词do构成
I haven’t any spare time to play football
I don’t have any spare time to play football.
④除not外,否定词no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, neither等也可构成完全否定句。
I have seen the film. → I have never seen the film.
There is something wrong with his bike. → There is nothing wrong with his bike.
Nobody knows him.
【注意】有些单词在变为否定句后,有所改变。如:some改为any,too改为either,already改为yet,and改为or,lots of改为many或much。
I have already read the book. → I haven’t reand the book yet.
There is some milk in the cup. → There is not any milk in the cup.
Peter has brothers and sisters. → Peter doesn’t have brothers or sisters.
There are lots of books in the library. → There aren’t many books in the library.
部分否定句:
① 用hardly, seldom, few, little等词表示部分否定。如:
I can hardly see anything in the rain. 在雨中我几乎什么东西也看不见。
② not和both, all, each, every, quite, always等连用表示部分否定。如:
Not all students come to school by bus. 并非所有的学生都乘公共汽车来上学。
2 祈使句
表示请求,命令,劝告或建议的句子称为祈使句。句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”,读时一般用降调。
(1)祈使句的基本结构:动词原形(be或实义动词)+其它部分构成,动词没有人称和时态的变化。
Close the door.
Be sure to come on time.
(2)祈使句的强调
①祈使句主语是you时,you通常省略,但如果要特别强调向谁提出请求后命令,或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
Be quiet. 安静!
You be quiet for a monet你安静会!
Parents with children go to the