Unit7句子成份专项解析及训练2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语上册

英语句子成分 (8A Unit7语法专练) ◆【句子成分】构成句子的组成部分称句子成分。有主要成分和次要成分。 主要成分：主语和谓语。 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 ◇主语：句子所叙述的主体, 一般位于句首。但there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化 的形容词和主语从句等表示。 ◇谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语, 一般置于主语之后。 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. ◇表语：说明主语的身份、特征和状态, 它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等） 之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词表示。 ◇宾语：动作的作用对象或承受者, 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）, 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）, 例如：They elected him their monitor. ◇宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词, 除有一个直接宾语以外, 还要有一个宾语补语, 才能使句子的意义 完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可 由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 ◇定语：修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 ◇状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分, 叫做状语。 ◆【句子结构】——五种基本句式 S+V+P主系表结构 S+V主谓结构 S+V+O主谓宾结构 S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾结构 S+V+O+C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；OC=宾补 ◆【实弹演练】 I. 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分。 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. He noticed a man enter the room. 19. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 20. The apples tasted sweet. II. 选择填空 ( ) 1. will leave for Beiji